Acute and Sub-Chronic Exposure to Artificial Sweeteners at the Highest Environmentally Relevant Concentration Induce Less Cardiovascular Physiology Alterations in Zebrafish Larvae
Artificial sweeteners are widely used food ingredients in beverages and drinks to lower calorie intake which in turn helps prevent lifestyle diseases such as obesity. However, as their popularity has increased, the release of artificial sweetener to the aquatic environment has also increased at a tr...
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MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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| author | Ferry Saputra Yu-Heng Lai Rey Arturo T. Fernandez Allan Patrick G. Macabeo Hong-Thih Lai Jong-Chin Huang Chung-Der Hsiao |
| author_facet | Ferry Saputra Yu-Heng Lai Rey Arturo T. Fernandez Allan Patrick G. Macabeo Hong-Thih Lai Jong-Chin Huang Chung-Der Hsiao |
| author_sort | Ferry Saputra |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Artificial sweeteners are widely used food ingredients in beverages and drinks to lower calorie intake which in turn helps prevent lifestyle diseases such as obesity. However, as their popularity has increased, the release of artificial sweetener to the aquatic environment has also increased at a tremendous rate. Thus, our study aims to systematically explore the potential cardiovascular physiology alterations caused by eight commercial artificial sweeteners, including acesulfame-K, alitame, aspartame, sodium cyclamate, dulcin, neotame, saccharine and sucralose, at the highest environmentally relevant concentration on cardiovascular performance using zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) as a model system. Embryonic zebrafish were exposed to the eight artificial sweeteners at 100 ppb and their cardiovascular performance (heart rate, ejection fraction, fractional shortening, stroke volume, cardiac output, heartbeat variability, and blood flow velocity) was measured and compared. Overall, our finding supports the safety of artificial sweetener exposure. However, several finding like a significant increase in the heart rate and heart rate variability after incubation in several artificial sweeteners are noteworthy. Biomarker testing also revealed that saccharine significantly increase the dopamine level in zebrafish larvae, which is might be the reason for the cardiac physiology changes observed after saccharine exposure. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:17:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-684cc5721b384558b4d913158fc5931c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-7737 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:17:35Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-684cc5721b384558b4d913158fc5931c2023-11-22T00:43:56ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372021-06-0110654810.3390/biology10060548Acute and Sub-Chronic Exposure to Artificial Sweeteners at the Highest Environmentally Relevant Concentration Induce Less Cardiovascular Physiology Alterations in Zebrafish LarvaeFerry Saputra0Yu-Heng Lai1Rey Arturo T. Fernandez2Allan Patrick G. Macabeo3Hong-Thih Lai4Jong-Chin Huang5Chung-Der Hsiao6Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, TaiwanDepartment of Chemistry, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 11114, TaiwanLaboratory for Organic Reactivity, Discovery and Synthesis (LORDS), Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Espana St., Manila 1015, PhilippinesLaboratory for Organic Reactivity, Discovery and Synthesis (LORDS), Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Espana St., Manila 1015, PhilippinesDepartment of Aquatic Biosciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600355, TaiwanDepartment of Applied Chemistry, National Pingtung University, Pingtung 90003, TaiwanDepartment of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, TaiwanArtificial sweeteners are widely used food ingredients in beverages and drinks to lower calorie intake which in turn helps prevent lifestyle diseases such as obesity. However, as their popularity has increased, the release of artificial sweetener to the aquatic environment has also increased at a tremendous rate. Thus, our study aims to systematically explore the potential cardiovascular physiology alterations caused by eight commercial artificial sweeteners, including acesulfame-K, alitame, aspartame, sodium cyclamate, dulcin, neotame, saccharine and sucralose, at the highest environmentally relevant concentration on cardiovascular performance using zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) as a model system. Embryonic zebrafish were exposed to the eight artificial sweeteners at 100 ppb and their cardiovascular performance (heart rate, ejection fraction, fractional shortening, stroke volume, cardiac output, heartbeat variability, and blood flow velocity) was measured and compared. Overall, our finding supports the safety of artificial sweetener exposure. However, several finding like a significant increase in the heart rate and heart rate variability after incubation in several artificial sweeteners are noteworthy. Biomarker testing also revealed that saccharine significantly increase the dopamine level in zebrafish larvae, which is might be the reason for the cardiac physiology changes observed after saccharine exposure.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/10/6/548artificial sweetenerszebrafishcardiac performance |
| spellingShingle | Ferry Saputra Yu-Heng Lai Rey Arturo T. Fernandez Allan Patrick G. Macabeo Hong-Thih Lai Jong-Chin Huang Chung-Der Hsiao Acute and Sub-Chronic Exposure to Artificial Sweeteners at the Highest Environmentally Relevant Concentration Induce Less Cardiovascular Physiology Alterations in Zebrafish Larvae Biology artificial sweeteners zebrafish cardiac performance |
| title | Acute and Sub-Chronic Exposure to Artificial Sweeteners at the Highest Environmentally Relevant Concentration Induce Less Cardiovascular Physiology Alterations in Zebrafish Larvae |
| title_full | Acute and Sub-Chronic Exposure to Artificial Sweeteners at the Highest Environmentally Relevant Concentration Induce Less Cardiovascular Physiology Alterations in Zebrafish Larvae |
| title_fullStr | Acute and Sub-Chronic Exposure to Artificial Sweeteners at the Highest Environmentally Relevant Concentration Induce Less Cardiovascular Physiology Alterations in Zebrafish Larvae |
| title_full_unstemmed | Acute and Sub-Chronic Exposure to Artificial Sweeteners at the Highest Environmentally Relevant Concentration Induce Less Cardiovascular Physiology Alterations in Zebrafish Larvae |
| title_short | Acute and Sub-Chronic Exposure to Artificial Sweeteners at the Highest Environmentally Relevant Concentration Induce Less Cardiovascular Physiology Alterations in Zebrafish Larvae |
| title_sort | acute and sub chronic exposure to artificial sweeteners at the highest environmentally relevant concentration induce less cardiovascular physiology alterations in zebrafish larvae |
| topic | artificial sweeteners zebrafish cardiac performance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/10/6/548 |
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