Aestivation in Nature: Physiological Strategies and Evolutionary Adaptations in Hypometabolic States
Aestivation is considered to be one of the “purest” hypometabolic states in nature, as it involves aerobic dormancy that can be induced and sustained without complex factors. Animals that undergo aestivation to protect themselves from environmental stressors such as high temperatures, droughts, and...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/18/14093 |
| _version_ | 1797579658582032384 |
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| author | Chunxi Jiang Kenneth B. Storey Hongsheng Yang Lina Sun |
| author_facet | Chunxi Jiang Kenneth B. Storey Hongsheng Yang Lina Sun |
| author_sort | Chunxi Jiang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Aestivation is considered to be one of the “purest” hypometabolic states in nature, as it involves aerobic dormancy that can be induced and sustained without complex factors. Animals that undergo aestivation to protect themselves from environmental stressors such as high temperatures, droughts, and food shortages. However, this shift in body metabolism presents new challenges for survival, including oxidative stress upon awakening from aestivation, accumulation of toxic metabolites, changes in energy sources, adjustments to immune status, muscle atrophy due to prolonged immobility, and degeneration of internal organs due to prolonged food deprivation. In this review, we summarize the physiological and metabolic strategies, key regulatory factors, and networks utilized by aestivating animals to address the aforementioned components of aestivation. Furthermore, we present a comprehensive overview of the advancements made in aestivation research across major species, including amphibians, fish, reptiles, annelids, mollusks, and echinoderms, categorized according to their respective evolutionary positions. This approach offers a distinct perspective for comparative analysis, facilitating an understanding of the shared traits and unique features of aestivation across different groups of organisms. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:40:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-684e42ad75d34dc8ad188b697cd67cc3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:40:19Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-684e42ad75d34dc8ad188b697cd67cc32023-11-19T11:07:43ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-09-0124181409310.3390/ijms241814093Aestivation in Nature: Physiological Strategies and Evolutionary Adaptations in Hypometabolic StatesChunxi Jiang0Kenneth B. Storey1Hongsheng Yang2Lina Sun3CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, ChinaDepartment of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, CanadaCAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, ChinaCAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, ChinaAestivation is considered to be one of the “purest” hypometabolic states in nature, as it involves aerobic dormancy that can be induced and sustained without complex factors. Animals that undergo aestivation to protect themselves from environmental stressors such as high temperatures, droughts, and food shortages. However, this shift in body metabolism presents new challenges for survival, including oxidative stress upon awakening from aestivation, accumulation of toxic metabolites, changes in energy sources, adjustments to immune status, muscle atrophy due to prolonged immobility, and degeneration of internal organs due to prolonged food deprivation. In this review, we summarize the physiological and metabolic strategies, key regulatory factors, and networks utilized by aestivating animals to address the aforementioned components of aestivation. Furthermore, we present a comprehensive overview of the advancements made in aestivation research across major species, including amphibians, fish, reptiles, annelids, mollusks, and echinoderms, categorized according to their respective evolutionary positions. This approach offers a distinct perspective for comparative analysis, facilitating an understanding of the shared traits and unique features of aestivation across different groups of organisms.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/18/14093aestivationhypometabolic statesphysiological strategiesregulatory network |
| spellingShingle | Chunxi Jiang Kenneth B. Storey Hongsheng Yang Lina Sun Aestivation in Nature: Physiological Strategies and Evolutionary Adaptations in Hypometabolic States International Journal of Molecular Sciences aestivation hypometabolic states physiological strategies regulatory network |
| title | Aestivation in Nature: Physiological Strategies and Evolutionary Adaptations in Hypometabolic States |
| title_full | Aestivation in Nature: Physiological Strategies and Evolutionary Adaptations in Hypometabolic States |
| title_fullStr | Aestivation in Nature: Physiological Strategies and Evolutionary Adaptations in Hypometabolic States |
| title_full_unstemmed | Aestivation in Nature: Physiological Strategies and Evolutionary Adaptations in Hypometabolic States |
| title_short | Aestivation in Nature: Physiological Strategies and Evolutionary Adaptations in Hypometabolic States |
| title_sort | aestivation in nature physiological strategies and evolutionary adaptations in hypometabolic states |
| topic | aestivation hypometabolic states physiological strategies regulatory network |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/18/14093 |
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