Role of Sulfate Transporters in Chromium Tolerance in <i>Scenedesmus acutus</i> M. (Sphaeropleales)
Sulfur (S) is essential for the synthesis of important defense compounds and in the scavenging potential of oxidative stress, conferring increased capacity to cope with biotic and abiotic stresses. Chromate can induce a sort of S-starvation by competing for uptake with SO<sub>4</sub><...
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/2/223 |
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| author | Michele Ferrari Radiana Cozza Matteo Marieschi Anna Torelli |
| author_facet | Michele Ferrari Radiana Cozza Matteo Marieschi Anna Torelli |
| author_sort | Michele Ferrari |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Sulfur (S) is essential for the synthesis of important defense compounds and in the scavenging potential of oxidative stress, conferring increased capacity to cope with biotic and abiotic stresses. Chromate can induce a sort of S-starvation by competing for uptake with SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> and causing a depletion of cellular reduced compounds, thus emphasizing the role of S-transporters in heavy-metal tolerance. In this work we analyzed the sulfate transporter system in the freshwater green algae <i>Scenedesmus acutus</i>, that proved to possess both H<sup>+</sup>/SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> (SULTRs) and Na<sup>+</sup>/SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> (SLTs) plasma membrane sulfate transporters and a chloroplast-envelope localized ABC-type holocomplex. We discuss the sulfate uptake system of <i>S. acutus</i> in comparison with other taxa, enlightening differences among the clade Sphaeropleales and Volvocales/Chlamydomonadales. To define the role of S transporters in chromium tolerance, we analyzed the expression of <i>SULTRs</i> and <i>SULPs</i> components of the chloroplast ABC transporter in two strains of <i>S. acutus</i> with different Cr(VI) sensitivity. Their differential expression in response to Cr(VI) exposure and S availability seems directly linked to Cr(VI) tolerance, confirming the role of sulfate uptake/assimilation pathways in the metal stress response. The <i>SULTRs</i> up-regulation, observed in both strains after S-starvation, may directly contribute to enhancing Cr-tolerance by limiting Cr(VI) uptake and increasing sulfur availability for the synthesis of sulfur-containing defense molecules. |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:41:10Z |
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| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-684f53ab9a3b48c19d20cd9d3622685a2023-11-23T15:07:50ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472022-01-0111222310.3390/plants11020223Role of Sulfate Transporters in Chromium Tolerance in <i>Scenedesmus acutus</i> M. (Sphaeropleales)Michele Ferrari0Radiana Cozza1Matteo Marieschi2Anna Torelli3Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Ponte P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, ItalyDepartment of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Ponte P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, ItalySulfur (S) is essential for the synthesis of important defense compounds and in the scavenging potential of oxidative stress, conferring increased capacity to cope with biotic and abiotic stresses. Chromate can induce a sort of S-starvation by competing for uptake with SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> and causing a depletion of cellular reduced compounds, thus emphasizing the role of S-transporters in heavy-metal tolerance. In this work we analyzed the sulfate transporter system in the freshwater green algae <i>Scenedesmus acutus</i>, that proved to possess both H<sup>+</sup>/SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> (SULTRs) and Na<sup>+</sup>/SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> (SLTs) plasma membrane sulfate transporters and a chloroplast-envelope localized ABC-type holocomplex. We discuss the sulfate uptake system of <i>S. acutus</i> in comparison with other taxa, enlightening differences among the clade Sphaeropleales and Volvocales/Chlamydomonadales. To define the role of S transporters in chromium tolerance, we analyzed the expression of <i>SULTRs</i> and <i>SULPs</i> components of the chloroplast ABC transporter in two strains of <i>S. acutus</i> with different Cr(VI) sensitivity. Their differential expression in response to Cr(VI) exposure and S availability seems directly linked to Cr(VI) tolerance, confirming the role of sulfate uptake/assimilation pathways in the metal stress response. The <i>SULTRs</i> up-regulation, observed in both strains after S-starvation, may directly contribute to enhancing Cr-tolerance by limiting Cr(VI) uptake and increasing sulfur availability for the synthesis of sulfur-containing defense molecules.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/2/223abiotic stresschromium toleranceheavy metalsmicroalgae sulfur metabolism<i>Scenedesmus acutus</i>sulfate-starvation |
| spellingShingle | Michele Ferrari Radiana Cozza Matteo Marieschi Anna Torelli Role of Sulfate Transporters in Chromium Tolerance in <i>Scenedesmus acutus</i> M. (Sphaeropleales) Plants abiotic stress chromium tolerance heavy metals microalgae sulfur metabolism <i>Scenedesmus acutus</i> sulfate-starvation |
| title | Role of Sulfate Transporters in Chromium Tolerance in <i>Scenedesmus acutus</i> M. (Sphaeropleales) |
| title_full | Role of Sulfate Transporters in Chromium Tolerance in <i>Scenedesmus acutus</i> M. (Sphaeropleales) |
| title_fullStr | Role of Sulfate Transporters in Chromium Tolerance in <i>Scenedesmus acutus</i> M. (Sphaeropleales) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Role of Sulfate Transporters in Chromium Tolerance in <i>Scenedesmus acutus</i> M. (Sphaeropleales) |
| title_short | Role of Sulfate Transporters in Chromium Tolerance in <i>Scenedesmus acutus</i> M. (Sphaeropleales) |
| title_sort | role of sulfate transporters in chromium tolerance in i scenedesmus acutus i m sphaeropleales |
| topic | abiotic stress chromium tolerance heavy metals microalgae sulfur metabolism <i>Scenedesmus acutus</i> sulfate-starvation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/2/223 |
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