Music, Math, and Working Memory: Magnetoencephalography Mapping of Brain Activation in Musicians
Musical transposing is highly demanding of working memory, as it involves mentally converting notes from one musical key (i.e., pitch scale) to another key for singing or instrumental performance. Because musical transposing involves mental adjustment of notes up or down by a specific amount, it may...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Human Neuroscience |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2022.866256/full |
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| author | Ching-I Lu Margaret Greenwald Margaret Greenwald Yung-Yang Lin Yung-Yang Lin Susan M. Bowyer Susan M. Bowyer Susan M. Bowyer |
| author_facet | Ching-I Lu Margaret Greenwald Margaret Greenwald Yung-Yang Lin Yung-Yang Lin Susan M. Bowyer Susan M. Bowyer Susan M. Bowyer |
| author_sort | Ching-I Lu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Musical transposing is highly demanding of working memory, as it involves mentally converting notes from one musical key (i.e., pitch scale) to another key for singing or instrumental performance. Because musical transposing involves mental adjustment of notes up or down by a specific amount, it may share cognitive elements with arithmetical operations of addition and subtraction. We compared brain activity during high and low working memory load conditions of musical transposing versus math calculations in classically trained musicians. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) was sensitive to differences of task and working memory load. Frontal-occipital connections were highly active during transposing, but not during math calculations. Right motor and premotor regions were highly active in the more difficult condition of the transposing task. Multiple frontal lobe regions were highly active across tasks, including the left medial frontal area during both transposing and calculation tasks but the right medial frontal area only during calculations. In the more difficult calculation condition, right temporal regions were highly active. In coherence analyses and neural synchrony analyses, several similarities were seen across calculation tasks; however, latency analyses were sensitive to differences in task complexity across the calculation tasks due to the high temporal resolution of MEG. MEG can be used to examine musical cognition and the neural consequences of music training. Further systematic study of brain activity during high versus low memory load conditions of music and other cognitive tasks is needed to illuminate the neural bases of enhanced working memory ability in musicians as compared to non-musicians. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T03:03:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-68513cb89be94dc28698ebe090b96e92 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-5161 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T03:03:46Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Human Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-68513cb89be94dc28698ebe090b96e922022-12-22T00:40:34ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Human Neuroscience1662-51612022-05-011610.3389/fnhum.2022.866256866256Music, Math, and Working Memory: Magnetoencephalography Mapping of Brain Activation in MusiciansChing-I Lu0Margaret Greenwald1Margaret Greenwald2Yung-Yang Lin3Yung-Yang Lin4Susan M. Bowyer5Susan M. Bowyer6Susan M. Bowyer7Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United StatesDepartment of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United StatesDepartment of Neurology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United StatesInstitute of Brain Science and Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, TaiwanDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, TaiwanDepartment of Neurology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United StatesDepartment of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United StatesDepartment of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, United StatesMusical transposing is highly demanding of working memory, as it involves mentally converting notes from one musical key (i.e., pitch scale) to another key for singing or instrumental performance. Because musical transposing involves mental adjustment of notes up or down by a specific amount, it may share cognitive elements with arithmetical operations of addition and subtraction. We compared brain activity during high and low working memory load conditions of musical transposing versus math calculations in classically trained musicians. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) was sensitive to differences of task and working memory load. Frontal-occipital connections were highly active during transposing, but not during math calculations. Right motor and premotor regions were highly active in the more difficult condition of the transposing task. Multiple frontal lobe regions were highly active across tasks, including the left medial frontal area during both transposing and calculation tasks but the right medial frontal area only during calculations. In the more difficult calculation condition, right temporal regions were highly active. In coherence analyses and neural synchrony analyses, several similarities were seen across calculation tasks; however, latency analyses were sensitive to differences in task complexity across the calculation tasks due to the high temporal resolution of MEG. MEG can be used to examine musical cognition and the neural consequences of music training. Further systematic study of brain activity during high versus low memory load conditions of music and other cognitive tasks is needed to illuminate the neural bases of enhanced working memory ability in musicians as compared to non-musicians.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2022.866256/fullworking memorymusical transposingcalculationmusic trainingmagnetoencephalography (MEG) |
| spellingShingle | Ching-I Lu Margaret Greenwald Margaret Greenwald Yung-Yang Lin Yung-Yang Lin Susan M. Bowyer Susan M. Bowyer Susan M. Bowyer Music, Math, and Working Memory: Magnetoencephalography Mapping of Brain Activation in Musicians Frontiers in Human Neuroscience working memory musical transposing calculation music training magnetoencephalography (MEG) |
| title | Music, Math, and Working Memory: Magnetoencephalography Mapping of Brain Activation in Musicians |
| title_full | Music, Math, and Working Memory: Magnetoencephalography Mapping of Brain Activation in Musicians |
| title_fullStr | Music, Math, and Working Memory: Magnetoencephalography Mapping of Brain Activation in Musicians |
| title_full_unstemmed | Music, Math, and Working Memory: Magnetoencephalography Mapping of Brain Activation in Musicians |
| title_short | Music, Math, and Working Memory: Magnetoencephalography Mapping of Brain Activation in Musicians |
| title_sort | music math and working memory magnetoencephalography mapping of brain activation in musicians |
| topic | working memory musical transposing calculation music training magnetoencephalography (MEG) |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2022.866256/full |
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