Antimicrobial and Antivirulence Activities of Carvacrol against Pathogenic <i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i>
<i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> is a ubiquitous Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen in the freshwater environment and the most common cause of bacterial septicemia in aquaculture. In this study, we investigated the impact of carvacrol, a natural monoterpenoid found in herbs, on the virulenc...
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/11/2170 |
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| author | Junwei Wang Ting Qin Kai Chen Liangkun Pan Jun Xie Bingwen Xi |
| author_facet | Junwei Wang Ting Qin Kai Chen Liangkun Pan Jun Xie Bingwen Xi |
| author_sort | Junwei Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> is a ubiquitous Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen in the freshwater environment and the most common cause of bacterial septicemia in aquaculture. In this study, we investigated the impact of carvacrol, a natural monoterpenoid found in herbs, on the virulence of <i>A. hydrophila</i> in vitro and the antibacterial effect in combination with antibiotics. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of carvacrol against <i>A. hydrophila</i> NJ-35 were 125 µg/mL and 250 µg/mL, respectively. Carvacrol could inhibit the virulence factors (biofilm, protease, exopolysaccharide, and hemolysin) of <i>A. hydrophila</i>, and the antibiofilm potential of carvacrol was further verified by microscopic detection. Transcriptional analyses showed that the gene expression of <i>flaB</i>, <i>ompA</i>, <i>aha</i>, <i>ahp</i>, <i>ela</i>, <i>act</i>, <i>aerA</i>, <i>AhyR</i>, and <i>hly</i> were marked as downregulated. The checkerboard assay results showed that carvacrol did not have an antagonistic effect in combination with antibiotics (florfenicol, enrofloxacin, thiamphenicol, or doxycycline hydrochloride) commonly used in aquaculture but possessed an additive-synergistic effect with neomycin sulfate. In vivo studies demonstrated that carvacrol protected grass carp (<i>Ctenopharyngodon idella</i>) from <i>A. hydrophila</i> infection. Our results indicated that carvacrol possessed significant anti-bacterial and anti-virulence effects on <i>A. hydrophila</i>. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:49:56Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:49:56Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-685303a190c8434eac3566c08a914a8e2023-11-24T05:56:52ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072022-10-011011217010.3390/microorganisms10112170Antimicrobial and Antivirulence Activities of Carvacrol against Pathogenic <i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i>Junwei Wang0Ting Qin1Kai Chen2Liangkun Pan3Jun Xie4Bingwen Xi5Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, ChinaKey Laboratory Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resource Utilization, Ministry Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, ChinaKey Laboratory Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resource Utilization, Ministry Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, ChinaKey Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, ChinaKey Laboratory Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resource Utilization, Ministry Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, ChinaWuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China<i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> is a ubiquitous Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen in the freshwater environment and the most common cause of bacterial septicemia in aquaculture. In this study, we investigated the impact of carvacrol, a natural monoterpenoid found in herbs, on the virulence of <i>A. hydrophila</i> in vitro and the antibacterial effect in combination with antibiotics. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of carvacrol against <i>A. hydrophila</i> NJ-35 were 125 µg/mL and 250 µg/mL, respectively. Carvacrol could inhibit the virulence factors (biofilm, protease, exopolysaccharide, and hemolysin) of <i>A. hydrophila</i>, and the antibiofilm potential of carvacrol was further verified by microscopic detection. Transcriptional analyses showed that the gene expression of <i>flaB</i>, <i>ompA</i>, <i>aha</i>, <i>ahp</i>, <i>ela</i>, <i>act</i>, <i>aerA</i>, <i>AhyR</i>, and <i>hly</i> were marked as downregulated. The checkerboard assay results showed that carvacrol did not have an antagonistic effect in combination with antibiotics (florfenicol, enrofloxacin, thiamphenicol, or doxycycline hydrochloride) commonly used in aquaculture but possessed an additive-synergistic effect with neomycin sulfate. In vivo studies demonstrated that carvacrol protected grass carp (<i>Ctenopharyngodon idella</i>) from <i>A. hydrophila</i> infection. Our results indicated that carvacrol possessed significant anti-bacterial and anti-virulence effects on <i>A. hydrophila</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/11/2170<i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i>carvacrolvirulencebiofilmantibiotics<i>Ctenopharyngodon idella</i> |
| spellingShingle | Junwei Wang Ting Qin Kai Chen Liangkun Pan Jun Xie Bingwen Xi Antimicrobial and Antivirulence Activities of Carvacrol against Pathogenic <i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> Microorganisms <i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> carvacrol virulence biofilm antibiotics <i>Ctenopharyngodon idella</i> |
| title | Antimicrobial and Antivirulence Activities of Carvacrol against Pathogenic <i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> |
| title_full | Antimicrobial and Antivirulence Activities of Carvacrol against Pathogenic <i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> |
| title_fullStr | Antimicrobial and Antivirulence Activities of Carvacrol against Pathogenic <i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antimicrobial and Antivirulence Activities of Carvacrol against Pathogenic <i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> |
| title_short | Antimicrobial and Antivirulence Activities of Carvacrol against Pathogenic <i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> |
| title_sort | antimicrobial and antivirulence activities of carvacrol against pathogenic i aeromonas hydrophila i |
| topic | <i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> carvacrol virulence biofilm antibiotics <i>Ctenopharyngodon idella</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/11/2170 |
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