Identifying the Factors behind Climate Diversification and Refugial Capacity in Mountain Landscapes: The Key Role of Forests
Recent studies have shown the importance of small-scale climate diversification and climate microrefugia for organisms to escape or suffer less from the impact of current climate change. These situations are common in topographically complex terrains like mountains, where many climate-forcing factor...
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/7/1708 |
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| author | Raúl Hoffrén Héctor Miranda Manuel Pizarro Pablo Tejero María B. García |
| author_facet | Raúl Hoffrén Héctor Miranda Manuel Pizarro Pablo Tejero María B. García |
| author_sort | Raúl Hoffrén |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Recent studies have shown the importance of small-scale climate diversification and climate microrefugia for organisms to escape or suffer less from the impact of current climate change. These situations are common in topographically complex terrains like mountains, where many climate-forcing factors vary at a fine spatial resolution. We investigated this effect in a high roughness area of a southern European range (the Pyrenees), with the aid of a network of miniaturized temperature and relative humidity sensors distributed across 2100 m of elevation difference. We modeled the minimum (Tn) and maximum (Tx) temperatures above- and below-ground, and maximum vapor pressure deficit (VPDmax), as a function of several topographic and vegetation variables derived from ALS-LiDAR data and Landsat series. Microclimatic models had a good fit, working better in soil than in air, and for Tn than for Tx. Topographic variables (including elevation) had a larger effect on above-ground Tn, and vegetation variables on Tx. Forest canopy had a significant effect not only on the spatial diversity of microclimatic metrics but also on their refugial capacity, either stabilizing thermal ranges or offsetting free-air extreme temperatures and VPDmax. Our integrative approach provided an overview of microclimatic differences between air and soil, forests and open areas, and highlighted the importance of preserving and managing forests to mitigate the impacts of climate change on biodiversity. Remote-sensing can provide essential tools to detect areas that accumulate different factors extensively promoting refugial capacity, which should be prioritized based on their high resilience. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:27:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6853b829b6604124a901d0d6b9ebd81d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:27:32Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-6853b829b6604124a901d0d6b9ebd81d2023-11-30T23:57:49ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922022-04-01147170810.3390/rs14071708Identifying the Factors behind Climate Diversification and Refugial Capacity in Mountain Landscapes: The Key Role of ForestsRaúl Hoffrén0Héctor Miranda1Manuel Pizarro2Pablo Tejero3María B. García4Pyrenean Institute of Ecology, Spanish National Research Council (IPE-CSIC), Av. Montañana 1005, 50059 Zaragoza, SpainPyrenean Institute of Ecology, Spanish National Research Council (IPE-CSIC), Av. Montañana 1005, 50059 Zaragoza, SpainPyrenean Institute of Ecology, Spanish National Research Council (IPE-CSIC), Av. Montañana 1005, 50059 Zaragoza, SpainPyrenean Institute of Ecology, Spanish National Research Council (IPE-CSIC), Av. Montañana 1005, 50059 Zaragoza, SpainPyrenean Institute of Ecology, Spanish National Research Council (IPE-CSIC), Av. Montañana 1005, 50059 Zaragoza, SpainRecent studies have shown the importance of small-scale climate diversification and climate microrefugia for organisms to escape or suffer less from the impact of current climate change. These situations are common in topographically complex terrains like mountains, where many climate-forcing factors vary at a fine spatial resolution. We investigated this effect in a high roughness area of a southern European range (the Pyrenees), with the aid of a network of miniaturized temperature and relative humidity sensors distributed across 2100 m of elevation difference. We modeled the minimum (Tn) and maximum (Tx) temperatures above- and below-ground, and maximum vapor pressure deficit (VPDmax), as a function of several topographic and vegetation variables derived from ALS-LiDAR data and Landsat series. Microclimatic models had a good fit, working better in soil than in air, and for Tn than for Tx. Topographic variables (including elevation) had a larger effect on above-ground Tn, and vegetation variables on Tx. Forest canopy had a significant effect not only on the spatial diversity of microclimatic metrics but also on their refugial capacity, either stabilizing thermal ranges or offsetting free-air extreme temperatures and VPDmax. Our integrative approach provided an overview of microclimatic differences between air and soil, forests and open areas, and highlighted the importance of preserving and managing forests to mitigate the impacts of climate change on biodiversity. Remote-sensing can provide essential tools to detect areas that accumulate different factors extensively promoting refugial capacity, which should be prioritized based on their high resilience.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/7/1708LiDARLandsatmicroclimatethermal stabilityvegetation structuretopography |
| spellingShingle | Raúl Hoffrén Héctor Miranda Manuel Pizarro Pablo Tejero María B. García Identifying the Factors behind Climate Diversification and Refugial Capacity in Mountain Landscapes: The Key Role of Forests Remote Sensing LiDAR Landsat microclimate thermal stability vegetation structure topography |
| title | Identifying the Factors behind Climate Diversification and Refugial Capacity in Mountain Landscapes: The Key Role of Forests |
| title_full | Identifying the Factors behind Climate Diversification and Refugial Capacity in Mountain Landscapes: The Key Role of Forests |
| title_fullStr | Identifying the Factors behind Climate Diversification and Refugial Capacity in Mountain Landscapes: The Key Role of Forests |
| title_full_unstemmed | Identifying the Factors behind Climate Diversification and Refugial Capacity in Mountain Landscapes: The Key Role of Forests |
| title_short | Identifying the Factors behind Climate Diversification and Refugial Capacity in Mountain Landscapes: The Key Role of Forests |
| title_sort | identifying the factors behind climate diversification and refugial capacity in mountain landscapes the key role of forests |
| topic | LiDAR Landsat microclimate thermal stability vegetation structure topography |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/7/1708 |
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