How DNA and RNA Viruses Exploit Host Chaperones to Promote Infection
To initiate infection, a virus enters a host cell typically via receptor-dependent endocytosis. It then penetrates a subcellular membrane, reaching a destination that supports transcription, translation, and replication of the viral genome. These steps lead to assembly and morphogenesis of the new v...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-05-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/6/958 |
| _version_ | 1827691847571472384 |
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| author | Kaitlyn Speckhart Jeffrey M. Williams Billy Tsai |
| author_facet | Kaitlyn Speckhart Jeffrey M. Williams Billy Tsai |
| author_sort | Kaitlyn Speckhart |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | To initiate infection, a virus enters a host cell typically via receptor-dependent endocytosis. It then penetrates a subcellular membrane, reaching a destination that supports transcription, translation, and replication of the viral genome. These steps lead to assembly and morphogenesis of the new viral progeny. The mature virus finally exits the host cell to begin the next infection cycle. Strikingly, viruses hijack host molecular chaperones to accomplish these distinct entry steps. Here we highlight how DNA viruses, including polyomavirus and the human papillomavirus, exploit soluble and membrane-associated chaperones to enter a cell, penetrating and escaping an intracellular membrane en route for infection. We also describe the mechanism by which RNA viruses—including flavivirus and coronavirus—co-opt cytosolic and organelle-selective chaperones to promote viral endocytosis, protein biosynthesis, replication, and assembly. These examples underscore the importance of host chaperones during virus infection, potentially revealing novel antiviral strategies to combat virus-induced diseases. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:10:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-685667e6ec8d4862b0eb07f56a89a4f6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:10:20Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-685667e6ec8d4862b0eb07f56a89a4f62023-11-21T20:48:59ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152021-05-0113695810.3390/v13060958How DNA and RNA Viruses Exploit Host Chaperones to Promote InfectionKaitlyn Speckhart0Jeffrey M. Williams1Billy Tsai2Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Room 3043, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USADepartment of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Room 3043, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USADepartment of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Room 3043, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USATo initiate infection, a virus enters a host cell typically via receptor-dependent endocytosis. It then penetrates a subcellular membrane, reaching a destination that supports transcription, translation, and replication of the viral genome. These steps lead to assembly and morphogenesis of the new viral progeny. The mature virus finally exits the host cell to begin the next infection cycle. Strikingly, viruses hijack host molecular chaperones to accomplish these distinct entry steps. Here we highlight how DNA viruses, including polyomavirus and the human papillomavirus, exploit soluble and membrane-associated chaperones to enter a cell, penetrating and escaping an intracellular membrane en route for infection. We also describe the mechanism by which RNA viruses—including flavivirus and coronavirus—co-opt cytosolic and organelle-selective chaperones to promote viral endocytosis, protein biosynthesis, replication, and assembly. These examples underscore the importance of host chaperones during virus infection, potentially revealing novel antiviral strategies to combat virus-induced diseases.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/6/958chaperonesvirusesinfectionpolyomavirus SV40human papillomavirusflavivirus |
| spellingShingle | Kaitlyn Speckhart Jeffrey M. Williams Billy Tsai How DNA and RNA Viruses Exploit Host Chaperones to Promote Infection Viruses chaperones viruses infection polyomavirus SV40 human papillomavirus flavivirus |
| title | How DNA and RNA Viruses Exploit Host Chaperones to Promote Infection |
| title_full | How DNA and RNA Viruses Exploit Host Chaperones to Promote Infection |
| title_fullStr | How DNA and RNA Viruses Exploit Host Chaperones to Promote Infection |
| title_full_unstemmed | How DNA and RNA Viruses Exploit Host Chaperones to Promote Infection |
| title_short | How DNA and RNA Viruses Exploit Host Chaperones to Promote Infection |
| title_sort | how dna and rna viruses exploit host chaperones to promote infection |
| topic | chaperones viruses infection polyomavirus SV40 human papillomavirus flavivirus |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/6/958 |
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