| Summary: | Osteoporosis is a rising health threat in the increasingly aging world population. It is a common skeletal disease strongly linked to genetic predisposition. We aim to identify the effects of the anti-inflammatory <i>TGF-β1</i>- and <i>IL-10</i>-specific single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) combination on the risk for osteoporosis. We investigated and analyzed the relationships between three <i>TGF-β1</i> SNPs (−509C/T, +869 T/C and +29T/C), one <i>IL-10</i> SNP (+1927A/C) and the level of bone mineral density (BMD), as well as the risk of osteoporosis in Taiwanese osteoporotic patients. A total of 217 subjects were recruited, including 88 osteoporotic patients and 129 healthy controls, for SNPs, BMD and clinical characteristics statistical analyses. Females with <i>TGF-β1</i> SNP (−509 C/C) and <i>IL-10</i> SNP (+1927 C/C) genotypes showed a great benefit for femoral neck T-scores. However, the combination of <i>TGF-β1</i> SNP (−509 T/T) and <i>IL-10</i> SNP (+1927 A/A) genotypes in all subjects showed a significant decrease in total hip BMD T-scores. The <i>TGF-β1</i> SNP (−509 C/T) genotype in all subjects and <i>TGF-β1</i> SNP (−509 T/T) and <i>IL-10</i> SNP (+1927 A/C) genotypes in males showed positive effects on body height. The combination of the many SNPs in the anti-inflammatory <i>TGF-β1</i> and <i>IL-10</i> genes may be cooperatively involved in the development of osteoporosis. Our data suggested that the specific SNP combination of <i>TGF-β1</i> (−509) and <i>IL-10</i> (+1927) may act as a predictive factor for postmenopausal osteoporosis in Taiwanese women.
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