On the Thermal Stresses Due to Weathering in Natural Stones
Natural weathering is known as one of the key mechanisms causing degradation in building materials. Great efforts have been made to develop new materials and new processes for protecting those that already exist. Natural stones are an example of a natural material that has been extensively used for...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/3/1188 |
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| author | William Hideki Ito Talita Scussiato Federico Vagnon Anna Maria Ferrero Maria Rita Migliazza Jacqueline Ramis Paulo Ivo Braga de Queiroz |
| author_facet | William Hideki Ito Talita Scussiato Federico Vagnon Anna Maria Ferrero Maria Rita Migliazza Jacqueline Ramis Paulo Ivo Braga de Queiroz |
| author_sort | William Hideki Ito |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Natural weathering is known as one of the key mechanisms causing degradation in building materials. Great efforts have been made to develop new materials and new processes for protecting those that already exist. Natural stones are an example of a natural material that has been extensively used for building construction since ancient times. In addition, they fit durability, aesthetic, and mechanical requirements. Thus, they still have great importance in the construction business nowadays. Though chemical interactions in natural stones, such as oxidation or hydrolyses, have been widely studied, in the last few decades, the physical weathering due to daily temperature variations has begun to be considered as a key mechanism of degradation and has been incorporated in international standards. This process is particularly important in calcitic marble slabs, where it can cause extensive damages to facades. Consequently, there are restrictive rules for the use of marble as an external coating material in many countries. In this paper, the thermal stresses induced by daily variations in temperature are calculated using geographic and meteorological information. The concept of sol-air temperature is used to estimate the temperatures of the hidden and exposed surfaces of a slab, and Fourier’s law and the theory of elasticity are used to calculate the temperature and stress distribution, respectively. The proposed methodology allows for a detailed reconstruction of the stress induced inside marble slabs using parameters commonly acquired in meteorological stations as input data. The developed methodology was validated by comparing in-situ measurements of the temperature of a building in Pescara (Central Italy). A good correlation between the theoretical and real temperatures was found; in particular, the peak tensile stresses inside the slabs were estimated at 75 kPa. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:28:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-686400e107a34c7196306c44fb3de8cf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:28:24Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-686400e107a34c7196306c44fb3de8cf2023-12-03T14:59:20ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172021-01-01113118810.3390/app11031188On the Thermal Stresses Due to Weathering in Natural StonesWilliam Hideki Ito0Talita Scussiato1Federico Vagnon2Anna Maria Ferrero3Maria Rita Migliazza4Jacqueline Ramis5Paulo Ivo Braga de Queiroz6Department of Earth Sciences, University of Turin, 35 Valperga Caluso Street, 10125 Turin, ItalyDivision of Civil Engineering, Aeronautics Institute of Technology, 50 Marechal Eduardo Gomes Square, São José dos Campos 12228-900, BrazilDepartment of Earth Sciences, University of Turin, 35 Valperga Caluso Street, 10125 Turin, ItalyDepartment of Earth Sciences, University of Turin, 35 Valperga Caluso Street, 10125 Turin, ItalyDepartment of Structural Geotechnical and Building Engineering, Polytechnic University of Turin, 24 Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 10129 Turin, ItalyDivision of Civil Engineering, Aeronautics Institute of Technology, 50 Marechal Eduardo Gomes Square, São José dos Campos 12228-900, BrazilDivision of Civil Engineering, Aeronautics Institute of Technology, 50 Marechal Eduardo Gomes Square, São José dos Campos 12228-900, BrazilNatural weathering is known as one of the key mechanisms causing degradation in building materials. Great efforts have been made to develop new materials and new processes for protecting those that already exist. Natural stones are an example of a natural material that has been extensively used for building construction since ancient times. In addition, they fit durability, aesthetic, and mechanical requirements. Thus, they still have great importance in the construction business nowadays. Though chemical interactions in natural stones, such as oxidation or hydrolyses, have been widely studied, in the last few decades, the physical weathering due to daily temperature variations has begun to be considered as a key mechanism of degradation and has been incorporated in international standards. This process is particularly important in calcitic marble slabs, where it can cause extensive damages to facades. Consequently, there are restrictive rules for the use of marble as an external coating material in many countries. In this paper, the thermal stresses induced by daily variations in temperature are calculated using geographic and meteorological information. The concept of sol-air temperature is used to estimate the temperatures of the hidden and exposed surfaces of a slab, and Fourier’s law and the theory of elasticity are used to calculate the temperature and stress distribution, respectively. The proposed methodology allows for a detailed reconstruction of the stress induced inside marble slabs using parameters commonly acquired in meteorological stations as input data. The developed methodology was validated by comparing in-situ measurements of the temperature of a building in Pescara (Central Italy). A good correlation between the theoretical and real temperatures was found; in particular, the peak tensile stresses inside the slabs were estimated at 75 kPa.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/3/1188thermal stressesthermal heat fluxnatural weatheringnatural stones |
| spellingShingle | William Hideki Ito Talita Scussiato Federico Vagnon Anna Maria Ferrero Maria Rita Migliazza Jacqueline Ramis Paulo Ivo Braga de Queiroz On the Thermal Stresses Due to Weathering in Natural Stones Applied Sciences thermal stresses thermal heat flux natural weathering natural stones |
| title | On the Thermal Stresses Due to Weathering in Natural Stones |
| title_full | On the Thermal Stresses Due to Weathering in Natural Stones |
| title_fullStr | On the Thermal Stresses Due to Weathering in Natural Stones |
| title_full_unstemmed | On the Thermal Stresses Due to Weathering in Natural Stones |
| title_short | On the Thermal Stresses Due to Weathering in Natural Stones |
| title_sort | on the thermal stresses due to weathering in natural stones |
| topic | thermal stresses thermal heat flux natural weathering natural stones |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/3/1188 |
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