Optimisation of Second-Generation Biodiesel Production from Australian Native Stone Fruit Oil Using Response Surface Method
In this study, the production process of second-generation biodiesel from Australian native stone fruit have been optimised using response surface methodology via an alkali catalysed transesterification process. This process optimisation was performed varying three factors, each at three different l...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2018-09-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/10/2566 |
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| author | Mohammad Anwar Mohammad G. Rasul Nanjappa Ashwath Md Mofijur Rahman |
| author_facet | Mohammad Anwar Mohammad G. Rasul Nanjappa Ashwath Md Mofijur Rahman |
| author_sort | Mohammad Anwar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, the production process of second-generation biodiesel from Australian native stone fruit have been optimised using response surface methodology via an alkali catalysed transesterification process. This process optimisation was performed varying three factors, each at three different levels. Methanol: oil molar ratio, catalyst concentration (wt %) and reaction temperature were the input factors in the optimisation process, while biodiesel yield was the key model output. Both 3D surface plots and 2D contour plots were developed using MINITAB 18 to predict optimum biodiesel yield. Gas chromatography (GC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis of the resulting biodiesel was also done for biodiesel characterisation. To predict biodiesel yield a quadratic model was created and it showed an R2 of 0.98 indicating the satisfactory performance of the model. Maximum biodiesel yield of 95.8% was obtained at a methanol: oil molar ratio of 6:1, KOH catalyst concentration of 0.5 wt % and a reaction temperature of 55 °C. At these reaction conditions, the predicted biodiesel yield was 95.9%. These results demonstrate reliable prediction of the transesterification process by Response surface methodology (RSM). The results also show that the properties of the synthesised Australian native stone fruit biodiesel satisfactorily meet the ASTM D6751 and EN14214 standards. In addition, the fuel properties of Australian native stone fruit biodiesel were found to be similar to those of conventional diesel fuel. Thus, it can be said that Australian native stone fruit seed oil could be used as a potential second-generation biodiesel source as well as an alternative fuel in diesel engines. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T03:30:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-687184b58c8044f38274b63bf4baae93 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T03:30:06Z |
| publishDate | 2018-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-687184b58c8044f38274b63bf4baae932022-12-22T02:14:59ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732018-09-011110256610.3390/en11102566en11102566Optimisation of Second-Generation Biodiesel Production from Australian Native Stone Fruit Oil Using Response Surface MethodMohammad Anwar0Mohammad G. Rasul1Nanjappa Ashwath2Md Mofijur Rahman3School of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University, North Rockhampton, Queensland 4702, AustraliaSchool of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University, North Rockhampton, Queensland 4702, AustraliaSchool of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, North Rockhampton, Queensland 4702, AustraliaSchool of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University, North Rockhampton, Queensland 4702, AustraliaIn this study, the production process of second-generation biodiesel from Australian native stone fruit have been optimised using response surface methodology via an alkali catalysed transesterification process. This process optimisation was performed varying three factors, each at three different levels. Methanol: oil molar ratio, catalyst concentration (wt %) and reaction temperature were the input factors in the optimisation process, while biodiesel yield was the key model output. Both 3D surface plots and 2D contour plots were developed using MINITAB 18 to predict optimum biodiesel yield. Gas chromatography (GC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis of the resulting biodiesel was also done for biodiesel characterisation. To predict biodiesel yield a quadratic model was created and it showed an R2 of 0.98 indicating the satisfactory performance of the model. Maximum biodiesel yield of 95.8% was obtained at a methanol: oil molar ratio of 6:1, KOH catalyst concentration of 0.5 wt % and a reaction temperature of 55 °C. At these reaction conditions, the predicted biodiesel yield was 95.9%. These results demonstrate reliable prediction of the transesterification process by Response surface methodology (RSM). The results also show that the properties of the synthesised Australian native stone fruit biodiesel satisfactorily meet the ASTM D6751 and EN14214 standards. In addition, the fuel properties of Australian native stone fruit biodiesel were found to be similar to those of conventional diesel fuel. Thus, it can be said that Australian native stone fruit seed oil could be used as a potential second-generation biodiesel source as well as an alternative fuel in diesel engines.http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/10/2566response surface methodologyRSMsecond-generation biodieselstone fruitoptimisationbiodiesel testingtransesterification |
| spellingShingle | Mohammad Anwar Mohammad G. Rasul Nanjappa Ashwath Md Mofijur Rahman Optimisation of Second-Generation Biodiesel Production from Australian Native Stone Fruit Oil Using Response Surface Method Energies response surface methodology RSM second-generation biodiesel stone fruit optimisation biodiesel testing transesterification |
| title | Optimisation of Second-Generation Biodiesel Production from Australian Native Stone Fruit Oil Using Response Surface Method |
| title_full | Optimisation of Second-Generation Biodiesel Production from Australian Native Stone Fruit Oil Using Response Surface Method |
| title_fullStr | Optimisation of Second-Generation Biodiesel Production from Australian Native Stone Fruit Oil Using Response Surface Method |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimisation of Second-Generation Biodiesel Production from Australian Native Stone Fruit Oil Using Response Surface Method |
| title_short | Optimisation of Second-Generation Biodiesel Production from Australian Native Stone Fruit Oil Using Response Surface Method |
| title_sort | optimisation of second generation biodiesel production from australian native stone fruit oil using response surface method |
| topic | response surface methodology RSM second-generation biodiesel stone fruit optimisation biodiesel testing transesterification |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/10/2566 |
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