Differential responses of chili varieties grown under cadmium stress
Abstract Heavy metal cadmium (Cd) naturally occurs in soil and is a hazardous trace contaminant for humans, animals, and plants. The main sources of Cd pollution in soil include overuse of phosphatic fertilizers, manure, sewage sludge, and aerial deposition. That’s why an experiment was conducted to...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2024-01-01
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| Series: | BMC Plant Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-023-04678-x |
| _version_ | 1827388615420805120 |
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| author | Sundas Sana Musarrat Ramzan Samina Ejaz Subhan Danish Saleh H. Salmen Mohammad Javed Ansari |
| author_facet | Sundas Sana Musarrat Ramzan Samina Ejaz Subhan Danish Saleh H. Salmen Mohammad Javed Ansari |
| author_sort | Sundas Sana |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Heavy metal cadmium (Cd) naturally occurs in soil and is a hazardous trace contaminant for humans, animals, and plants. The main sources of Cd pollution in soil include overuse of phosphatic fertilizers, manure, sewage sludge, and aerial deposition. That’s why an experiment was conducted to analyze the effect of Cd toxicity in Capsicum annuum L. by selecting its seven varieties: Hybrid, Desi, Sathra, G-916, BR-763, BG-912, and F1-9226. Cadmium was spiked in soil with four levels, i.e., (0, 3, 4, and 5 mg Cd kg− 1 of soil) for a week for homogeneous dispersion of heavy metal. Chili seeds were sown in compost-filled loamy soil, and 25-day-old seedlings were transplanted into Cd-spiked soil. Cadmium increasing concentration in soil decreased chili growth characteristics, total soluble sugars, total proteins, and amino acids. On the other hand, the activities of antioxidant enzymes were increased with the increasing concentration of Cd in almost all the varieties. Treatment 5 mg Cd/kg application caused − 197.39%, -138.78%, -60.77%, -17.84%, -16.34%, -11.82% and − 10.37% decrease of carotenoids level in chili V2 (Desi) followed by V4 (G-916), V1 (Hy7brid), V7 (F1-9226), V6 (BG-912), V5 (BR-763) and V3 (Sathra) as compared to their controls. The maximum flavonoids among varieties were in V5 (BR-763), followed by V6 (BG-912), V7 (F1-9226), V3 (Sathra) and V1 (Hybrid). Flavonoids content was decreased with − 37.63% (Sathra), -34.78% (Hybrid), -33.85% (G-916), -31.96% (F1-9226), -31.44% (Desi), -30.58% (BR-763), -22.88% (BG-912) as compared to their control at 5 mg Cd/kg soil stress. The maximum decrease in POD, SOD, and CAT was − 31.81%, -25.98%, -16.39% in chili variety V7 (F1-9226) at 5 mg Cd/kg stress compared to its control. At the same time, maximum APX content decrease was − 82.91%, followed by -80.16%, -65.19%, -40.31%, -30.14%, -10.34% and − 6.45% in V4 (G-916), V2 (Desi), V3 (Sathra), V6 (BG-912), V1 (Hybrid), V7 (F1-9226) and V5 (BR-763) at 5 mg Cd/kg treatment as compared to control chili plants. The highest CAT was found in 5 chili varieties except Desi and G-916. Desi and G-916 varieties. V5 (BR-763) and V6 (BG-912) were susceptible, while V1 (Hybrid), V3 (Sathra), and V7 (F1-9226) were with intermediate growth attributes against Cd stress. Our results suggest that Desi and G-916 chili varieties are Cd tolerant and can be grown on a large scale to mitigate Cd stress naturally. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T16:21:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6871bd0f602b4c8c93a3682938411bcb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2229 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T16:21:28Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Plant Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-6871bd0f602b4c8c93a3682938411bcb2024-01-07T12:18:53ZengBMCBMC Plant Biology1471-22292024-01-0124111810.1186/s12870-023-04678-xDifferential responses of chili varieties grown under cadmium stressSundas Sana0Musarrat Ramzan1Samina Ejaz2Subhan Danish3Saleh H. Salmen4Mohammad Javed Ansari5Department of Botany, Faculty of Chemical and Biological Sciences, The Islamia University of BahawalpurDepartment of Botany, Faculty of Chemical and Biological Sciences, The Islamia University of BahawalpurDepartment of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics (IBBB), The Islamia University of BahawalpurDepartment of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud UniversityDepartment of Botany, Hindu College Moradabad (MJP Rohilkhand University Bareilly)Abstract Heavy metal cadmium (Cd) naturally occurs in soil and is a hazardous trace contaminant for humans, animals, and plants. The main sources of Cd pollution in soil include overuse of phosphatic fertilizers, manure, sewage sludge, and aerial deposition. That’s why an experiment was conducted to analyze the effect of Cd toxicity in Capsicum annuum L. by selecting its seven varieties: Hybrid, Desi, Sathra, G-916, BR-763, BG-912, and F1-9226. Cadmium was spiked in soil with four levels, i.e., (0, 3, 4, and 5 mg Cd kg− 1 of soil) for a week for homogeneous dispersion of heavy metal. Chili seeds were sown in compost-filled loamy soil, and 25-day-old seedlings were transplanted into Cd-spiked soil. Cadmium increasing concentration in soil decreased chili growth characteristics, total soluble sugars, total proteins, and amino acids. On the other hand, the activities of antioxidant enzymes were increased with the increasing concentration of Cd in almost all the varieties. Treatment 5 mg Cd/kg application caused − 197.39%, -138.78%, -60.77%, -17.84%, -16.34%, -11.82% and − 10.37% decrease of carotenoids level in chili V2 (Desi) followed by V4 (G-916), V1 (Hy7brid), V7 (F1-9226), V6 (BG-912), V5 (BR-763) and V3 (Sathra) as compared to their controls. The maximum flavonoids among varieties were in V5 (BR-763), followed by V6 (BG-912), V7 (F1-9226), V3 (Sathra) and V1 (Hybrid). Flavonoids content was decreased with − 37.63% (Sathra), -34.78% (Hybrid), -33.85% (G-916), -31.96% (F1-9226), -31.44% (Desi), -30.58% (BR-763), -22.88% (BG-912) as compared to their control at 5 mg Cd/kg soil stress. The maximum decrease in POD, SOD, and CAT was − 31.81%, -25.98%, -16.39% in chili variety V7 (F1-9226) at 5 mg Cd/kg stress compared to its control. At the same time, maximum APX content decrease was − 82.91%, followed by -80.16%, -65.19%, -40.31%, -30.14%, -10.34% and − 6.45% in V4 (G-916), V2 (Desi), V3 (Sathra), V6 (BG-912), V1 (Hybrid), V7 (F1-9226) and V5 (BR-763) at 5 mg Cd/kg treatment as compared to control chili plants. The highest CAT was found in 5 chili varieties except Desi and G-916. Desi and G-916 varieties. V5 (BR-763) and V6 (BG-912) were susceptible, while V1 (Hybrid), V3 (Sathra), and V7 (F1-9226) were with intermediate growth attributes against Cd stress. Our results suggest that Desi and G-916 chili varieties are Cd tolerant and can be grown on a large scale to mitigate Cd stress naturally.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-023-04678-xCadmiumCapsicum annuum LFlavonoidsAntioxidantsTotal soluble sugarsTotal proteins |
| spellingShingle | Sundas Sana Musarrat Ramzan Samina Ejaz Subhan Danish Saleh H. Salmen Mohammad Javed Ansari Differential responses of chili varieties grown under cadmium stress BMC Plant Biology Cadmium Capsicum annuum L Flavonoids Antioxidants Total soluble sugars Total proteins |
| title | Differential responses of chili varieties grown under cadmium stress |
| title_full | Differential responses of chili varieties grown under cadmium stress |
| title_fullStr | Differential responses of chili varieties grown under cadmium stress |
| title_full_unstemmed | Differential responses of chili varieties grown under cadmium stress |
| title_short | Differential responses of chili varieties grown under cadmium stress |
| title_sort | differential responses of chili varieties grown under cadmium stress |
| topic | Cadmium Capsicum annuum L Flavonoids Antioxidants Total soluble sugars Total proteins |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-023-04678-x |
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