Clostridia in Insect Processed Animal Proteins—Is an Epidemiological Problem Possible?
The aim of this study was the evaluation of the insect processed animal protein (IPAP) contamination level by <i>Clostridium</i> spp. Particularly, we screened for the occurrence of pathogenic species of Clostridia. The samples of IPAP were derived from yellow mealworm (<i>Tenebrio...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Agriculture |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/11/3/270 |
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| author | Tomasz Grenda Krzysztof Kwiatek Magdalena Goldsztejn Magdalena Sapała Nina Kozieł Piotr Domaradzki |
| author_facet | Tomasz Grenda Krzysztof Kwiatek Magdalena Goldsztejn Magdalena Sapała Nina Kozieł Piotr Domaradzki |
| author_sort | Tomasz Grenda |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The aim of this study was the evaluation of the insect processed animal protein (IPAP) contamination level by <i>Clostridium</i> spp. Particularly, we screened for the occurrence of pathogenic species of Clostridia. The samples of IPAP were derived from yellow mealworm (<i>Tenebrio molitor)</i> and black soldier fly (<i>Hermetia illucens</i>) available in the Polish market. The IPAPs were added to experimental feeds for poultry. The differences between the contamination levels of the control (without the addition of IPAP) and experimental (with the addition of IPAP) groups were monitored. The samples were also examined by culture and PCR-based methods to detect 16S rDNA and genes determining botulinum toxin (BoNT) production. Statistical significance was noticed among the feed with the IPAP addition, as well as an increase of contamination by <i>Clostridium</i> spp. In one sample of IPAP, the occurrence of <i>ntnh</i> and <i>bont/D</i> genes determining the production of BoNT/D was noticed. However, a positive result was noticed only at the step of the liquid culture; the <i>Clostridium botulinum</i> type D strain was not isolated. Phenotypically, and according to the 16S rDNA analysis, genetically similar strains to <i>C. botulinum</i> species were isolated. Considering the microbiological safety of IPAP and expanding possibility of its use in livestock animal feed, it seems to be reasonable to provide complex risk assessment on the potential transfer of Clostridia into feed compounds, to assure the safety and sustainable development of insect PAP industry. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:02:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6874370b6ded4d59b8c82cda4c226269 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0472 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:02:04Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agriculture |
| spelling | doaj.art-6874370b6ded4d59b8c82cda4c2262692023-11-21T11:25:09ZengMDPI AGAgriculture2077-04722021-03-0111327010.3390/agriculture11030270Clostridia in Insect Processed Animal Proteins—Is an Epidemiological Problem Possible?Tomasz Grenda0Krzysztof Kwiatek1Magdalena Goldsztejn2Magdalena Sapała3Nina Kozieł4Piotr Domaradzki5Department of Hygiene of Animal Feeding Stuffs, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, PolandDepartment of Hygiene of Animal Feeding Stuffs, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, PolandDepartment of Hygiene of Animal Feeding Stuffs, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, PolandDepartment of Hygiene of Animal Feeding Stuffs, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, PolandDepartment of Hygiene of Animal Feeding Stuffs, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, PolandDepartment of Commodity Science and Animal Raw Materials Processing, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, PolandThe aim of this study was the evaluation of the insect processed animal protein (IPAP) contamination level by <i>Clostridium</i> spp. Particularly, we screened for the occurrence of pathogenic species of Clostridia. The samples of IPAP were derived from yellow mealworm (<i>Tenebrio molitor)</i> and black soldier fly (<i>Hermetia illucens</i>) available in the Polish market. The IPAPs were added to experimental feeds for poultry. The differences between the contamination levels of the control (without the addition of IPAP) and experimental (with the addition of IPAP) groups were monitored. The samples were also examined by culture and PCR-based methods to detect 16S rDNA and genes determining botulinum toxin (BoNT) production. Statistical significance was noticed among the feed with the IPAP addition, as well as an increase of contamination by <i>Clostridium</i> spp. In one sample of IPAP, the occurrence of <i>ntnh</i> and <i>bont/D</i> genes determining the production of BoNT/D was noticed. However, a positive result was noticed only at the step of the liquid culture; the <i>Clostridium botulinum</i> type D strain was not isolated. Phenotypically, and according to the 16S rDNA analysis, genetically similar strains to <i>C. botulinum</i> species were isolated. Considering the microbiological safety of IPAP and expanding possibility of its use in livestock animal feed, it seems to be reasonable to provide complex risk assessment on the potential transfer of Clostridia into feed compounds, to assure the safety and sustainable development of insect PAP industry.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/11/3/270<i>Clostridium</i> spp.contamination levelBoNT-producing ClostridiaPCRinsect PAP |
| spellingShingle | Tomasz Grenda Krzysztof Kwiatek Magdalena Goldsztejn Magdalena Sapała Nina Kozieł Piotr Domaradzki Clostridia in Insect Processed Animal Proteins—Is an Epidemiological Problem Possible? Agriculture <i>Clostridium</i> spp. contamination level BoNT-producing Clostridia PCR insect PAP |
| title | Clostridia in Insect Processed Animal Proteins—Is an Epidemiological Problem Possible? |
| title_full | Clostridia in Insect Processed Animal Proteins—Is an Epidemiological Problem Possible? |
| title_fullStr | Clostridia in Insect Processed Animal Proteins—Is an Epidemiological Problem Possible? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Clostridia in Insect Processed Animal Proteins—Is an Epidemiological Problem Possible? |
| title_short | Clostridia in Insect Processed Animal Proteins—Is an Epidemiological Problem Possible? |
| title_sort | clostridia in insect processed animal proteins is an epidemiological problem possible |
| topic | <i>Clostridium</i> spp. contamination level BoNT-producing Clostridia PCR insect PAP |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/11/3/270 |
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