Metabolic co-dependence drives the evolutionarily ancient Hydra–Chlorella symbiosis
Many multicellular organisms rely on symbiotic associations for support of metabolic activity, protection, or energy. Understanding the mechanisms involved in controlling such interactions remains a major challenge. In an unbiased approach we identified key players that control the symbiosis between...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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eLife Sciences Publications Ltd
2018-05-01
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| Series: | eLife |
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| Online Access: | https://elifesciences.org/articles/35122 |
| _version_ | 1811201127479246848 |
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| author | Mayuko Hamada Katja Schröder Jay Bathia Ulrich Kürn Sebastian Fraune Mariia Khalturina Konstantin Khalturin Chuya Shinzato Nori Satoh Thomas CG Bosch |
| author_facet | Mayuko Hamada Katja Schröder Jay Bathia Ulrich Kürn Sebastian Fraune Mariia Khalturina Konstantin Khalturin Chuya Shinzato Nori Satoh Thomas CG Bosch |
| author_sort | Mayuko Hamada |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Many multicellular organisms rely on symbiotic associations for support of metabolic activity, protection, or energy. Understanding the mechanisms involved in controlling such interactions remains a major challenge. In an unbiased approach we identified key players that control the symbiosis between Hydra viridissima and its photosynthetic symbiont Chlorella sp. A99. We discovered significant up-regulation of Hydra genes encoding a phosphate transporter and glutamine synthetase suggesting regulated nutrition supply between host and symbionts. Interestingly, supplementing the medium with glutamine temporarily supports in vitro growth of the otherwise obligate symbiotic Chlorella, indicating loss of autonomy and dependence on the host. Genome sequencing of Chlorella sp. A99 revealed a large number of amino acid transporters and a degenerated nitrate assimilation pathway, presumably as consequence of the adaptation to the host environment. Our observations portray ancient symbiotic interactions as a codependent partnership in which exchange of nutrients appears to be the primary driving force. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T02:15:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6876638b35f9449b8616ccf50c96a9be |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2050-084X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T02:15:39Z |
| publishDate | 2018-05-01 |
| publisher | eLife Sciences Publications Ltd |
| record_format | Article |
| series | eLife |
| spelling | doaj.art-6876638b35f9449b8616ccf50c96a9be2022-12-22T03:52:15ZengeLife Sciences Publications LtdeLife2050-084X2018-05-01710.7554/eLife.35122Metabolic co-dependence drives the evolutionarily ancient Hydra–Chlorella symbiosisMayuko Hamada0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7306-2032Katja Schröder1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1158-2598Jay Bathia2Ulrich Kürn3Sebastian Fraune4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6940-9571Mariia Khalturina5Konstantin Khalturin6https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4359-2993Chuya Shinzato7https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7843-3381Nori Satoh8https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4480-3572Thomas CG Bosch9https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9488-5545Marine Genomics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan; Ushimado Marine Institute, Okayama University, Okayama, JapanInterdisciplinary Research Center, Kiel Life Science, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany; Zoological Institute, Kiel Life Science, Kiel University, Kiel, GermanyInterdisciplinary Research Center, Kiel Life Science, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany; Zoological Institute, Kiel Life Science, Kiel University, Kiel, GermanyInterdisciplinary Research Center, Kiel Life Science, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany; Zoological Institute, Kiel Life Science, Kiel University, Kiel, GermanyInterdisciplinary Research Center, Kiel Life Science, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany; Zoological Institute, Kiel Life Science, Kiel University, Kiel, GermanyMarine Genomics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, JapanMarine Genomics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, JapanMarine Genomics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan; Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, JapanMarine Genomics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, JapanInterdisciplinary Research Center, Kiel Life Science, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany; Zoological Institute, Kiel Life Science, Kiel University, Kiel, GermanyMany multicellular organisms rely on symbiotic associations for support of metabolic activity, protection, or energy. Understanding the mechanisms involved in controlling such interactions remains a major challenge. In an unbiased approach we identified key players that control the symbiosis between Hydra viridissima and its photosynthetic symbiont Chlorella sp. A99. We discovered significant up-regulation of Hydra genes encoding a phosphate transporter and glutamine synthetase suggesting regulated nutrition supply between host and symbionts. Interestingly, supplementing the medium with glutamine temporarily supports in vitro growth of the otherwise obligate symbiotic Chlorella, indicating loss of autonomy and dependence on the host. Genome sequencing of Chlorella sp. A99 revealed a large number of amino acid transporters and a degenerated nitrate assimilation pathway, presumably as consequence of the adaptation to the host environment. Our observations portray ancient symbiotic interactions as a codependent partnership in which exchange of nutrients appears to be the primary driving force.https://elifesciences.org/articles/35122HydraChlorellasymbiosisgenomenitrogen metabolism |
| spellingShingle | Mayuko Hamada Katja Schröder Jay Bathia Ulrich Kürn Sebastian Fraune Mariia Khalturina Konstantin Khalturin Chuya Shinzato Nori Satoh Thomas CG Bosch Metabolic co-dependence drives the evolutionarily ancient Hydra–Chlorella symbiosis eLife Hydra Chlorella symbiosis genome nitrogen metabolism |
| title | Metabolic co-dependence drives the evolutionarily ancient Hydra–Chlorella symbiosis |
| title_full | Metabolic co-dependence drives the evolutionarily ancient Hydra–Chlorella symbiosis |
| title_fullStr | Metabolic co-dependence drives the evolutionarily ancient Hydra–Chlorella symbiosis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Metabolic co-dependence drives the evolutionarily ancient Hydra–Chlorella symbiosis |
| title_short | Metabolic co-dependence drives the evolutionarily ancient Hydra–Chlorella symbiosis |
| title_sort | metabolic co dependence drives the evolutionarily ancient hydra chlorella symbiosis |
| topic | Hydra Chlorella symbiosis genome nitrogen metabolism |
| url | https://elifesciences.org/articles/35122 |
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