Wrinkle Detection in Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymers Using Linear Phase FIR-Filtered Ultrasonic Array Data
Carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRP) are extensively used in aerospace applications. Out-of-plane wrinkles frequently occur in aerospace CFRP parts that are commonly large and complex. Wrinkles acting as failure initiators severely damage the mechanical performance of CFRP parts. Wrinkles have no...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Aerospace |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2226-4310/10/2/181 |
| _version_ | 1827759283745325056 |
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| author | Tengfei Ma Yang Li Zhenggan Zhou Jia Meng |
| author_facet | Tengfei Ma Yang Li Zhenggan Zhou Jia Meng |
| author_sort | Tengfei Ma |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRP) are extensively used in aerospace applications. Out-of-plane wrinkles frequently occur in aerospace CFRP parts that are commonly large and complex. Wrinkles acting as failure initiators severely damage the mechanical performance of CFRP parts. Wrinkles have no significant acoustic impedance mismatch, reflecting weak echoes. The total focusing method (TFM) using weak reflection signals is vulnerable to noise, so our primary work is to design discrete-time filters to relieve the noise interference. Wrinkles in CFRP composites are geometric defects, and their direct detection requires high spatial precision. The TFM method is a time-domain delay-and-sum algorithm, and it requires that the time information of filtered signals has no change or can be corrected. A linear phase filter can avoid phase distortion, and its filtered signal can be corrected by shifting a constant time. We first propose a wrinkle detection method using linear phase FIR-filtered ultrasonic array data. Linear phase filters almost do not affect the wrinkle geometry of detection results and can relieve noise-induced dislocation. Four filters with different bandwidths have been designed and applied for wrinkle detection. The 2 MHz bandwidth filter is recommended as an optimum choice. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:18:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6876c4f391eb4ea8ae4edd28dda19174 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2226-4310 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:18:57Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Aerospace |
| spelling | doaj.art-6876c4f391eb4ea8ae4edd28dda191742023-11-16T18:27:43ZengMDPI AGAerospace2226-43102023-02-0110218110.3390/aerospace10020181Wrinkle Detection in Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymers Using Linear Phase FIR-Filtered Ultrasonic Array DataTengfei Ma0Yang Li1Zhenggan Zhou2Jia Meng3School of Energy and Power Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, ChinaNingbo Institute of Technology, Beihang University, Ningbo 315800, ChinaNingbo Institute of Technology, Beihang University, Ningbo 315800, ChinaCOMAC Shanghai Aircraft Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201324, ChinaCarbon fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRP) are extensively used in aerospace applications. Out-of-plane wrinkles frequently occur in aerospace CFRP parts that are commonly large and complex. Wrinkles acting as failure initiators severely damage the mechanical performance of CFRP parts. Wrinkles have no significant acoustic impedance mismatch, reflecting weak echoes. The total focusing method (TFM) using weak reflection signals is vulnerable to noise, so our primary work is to design discrete-time filters to relieve the noise interference. Wrinkles in CFRP composites are geometric defects, and their direct detection requires high spatial precision. The TFM method is a time-domain delay-and-sum algorithm, and it requires that the time information of filtered signals has no change or can be corrected. A linear phase filter can avoid phase distortion, and its filtered signal can be corrected by shifting a constant time. We first propose a wrinkle detection method using linear phase FIR-filtered ultrasonic array data. Linear phase filters almost do not affect the wrinkle geometry of detection results and can relieve noise-induced dislocation. Four filters with different bandwidths have been designed and applied for wrinkle detection. The 2 MHz bandwidth filter is recommended as an optimum choice.https://www.mdpi.com/2226-4310/10/2/181ultrasonic array nondestructive testingCFRPout-of-plane wrinklefull matrixtotal focusing methodinstantaneous phase |
| spellingShingle | Tengfei Ma Yang Li Zhenggan Zhou Jia Meng Wrinkle Detection in Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymers Using Linear Phase FIR-Filtered Ultrasonic Array Data Aerospace ultrasonic array nondestructive testing CFRP out-of-plane wrinkle full matrix total focusing method instantaneous phase |
| title | Wrinkle Detection in Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymers Using Linear Phase FIR-Filtered Ultrasonic Array Data |
| title_full | Wrinkle Detection in Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymers Using Linear Phase FIR-Filtered Ultrasonic Array Data |
| title_fullStr | Wrinkle Detection in Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymers Using Linear Phase FIR-Filtered Ultrasonic Array Data |
| title_full_unstemmed | Wrinkle Detection in Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymers Using Linear Phase FIR-Filtered Ultrasonic Array Data |
| title_short | Wrinkle Detection in Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymers Using Linear Phase FIR-Filtered Ultrasonic Array Data |
| title_sort | wrinkle detection in carbon fiber reinforced polymers using linear phase fir filtered ultrasonic array data |
| topic | ultrasonic array nondestructive testing CFRP out-of-plane wrinkle full matrix total focusing method instantaneous phase |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2226-4310/10/2/181 |
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