| Summary: | Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most potent naturally occurring carcinogen for humans and animals produced by the common fungus <i>Aspergillus flavus</i> (<i>A. flavus</i>). Aflatoxin (AF) contamination in commodities is a global concern related to the safety of food and feed, and it also impacts the agricultural economy. In this study, we investigated the AFB1-inhibiting activity of a new benzaldehyde derivative, 2-[(2-methylpyridin-3-yl)oxy]benzaldehyde (MPOBA), on <i>A. flavus.</i> It was found that MPOBA inhibited the production of AFB1 by <i>A. flavus</i>, with an IC<sub>50</sub> value of 0.55 mM. Moreover, the inhibition of conidiation was also observed at the same concentration. The addition of MPOBA resulted in decreased transcript levels of the <i>aflR</i> gene, which encodes a key regulatory protein for the biosynthesis of AF, and also decreased transcript levels of the global regulator genes <i>veA</i> and <i>laeA</i>. These results suggested that MPOBA has an effect on the regulatory mechanism of the development and differentiation of conidia, leading to the inhibition of AFB1 production. In addition, the cytotoxicity study showed that MPOBA had a very low cytotoxic effect on the Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell line. Therefore, MPOBA may be a potential compound for developing practically effective agents to control AF contamination.
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