Neonatal testosterone voids sexually differentiated microglia morphology and behavior
The involvement of immunity in psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety, is typified by the morphologic adaptation of microglia, immune cells of the brain, to anxiogenic stimuli. We previously reported sexually differentiated microglia morphology in adult rodents, in brain locations implicated in anxi...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2023.1102068/full |
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| author | Carla Filipa Simões-Henriques Carla Filipa Simões-Henriques Carla Filipa Simões-Henriques A. Catarina Rodrigues-Neves A. Catarina Rodrigues-Neves A. Catarina Rodrigues-Neves Fábio J. Sousa Fábio J. Sousa Fábio J. Sousa Rita Gaspar Rita Gaspar Rita Gaspar Inês Almeida Inês Almeida Inês Almeida Filipa I. Baptista Filipa I. Baptista Filipa I. Baptista António F. Ambrósio António F. Ambrósio António F. Ambrósio Catarina A. Gomes Catarina A. Gomes Catarina A. Gomes Catarina A. Gomes |
| author_facet | Carla Filipa Simões-Henriques Carla Filipa Simões-Henriques Carla Filipa Simões-Henriques A. Catarina Rodrigues-Neves A. Catarina Rodrigues-Neves A. Catarina Rodrigues-Neves Fábio J. Sousa Fábio J. Sousa Fábio J. Sousa Rita Gaspar Rita Gaspar Rita Gaspar Inês Almeida Inês Almeida Inês Almeida Filipa I. Baptista Filipa I. Baptista Filipa I. Baptista António F. Ambrósio António F. Ambrósio António F. Ambrósio Catarina A. Gomes Catarina A. Gomes Catarina A. Gomes Catarina A. Gomes |
| author_sort | Carla Filipa Simões-Henriques |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The involvement of immunity in psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety, is typified by the morphologic adaptation of microglia, immune cells of the brain, to anxiogenic stimuli. We previously reported sexually differentiated microglia morphology in adult rodents, in brain locations implicated in anxiety, including the pre-frontal cortex. These physiologic differences likely drive sex-dependent patterns of microglia morphologic remodeling in response to varied stress conditions in different periods of life, that correlate with sex-dependent behavioral adaptation to anxiogenic stimuli. The time-window of appearance of sex differences in microglia, correlating with sex-specific behavioral performance in anxiogenic conditions are still unknown. In rodents, a postnatal peak of the sexual hormone testosterone is determinant for the so-called brain masculinization and sex-determined behavioral traits. In the present work we aim to clarify if differences in microglia morphology are present at birth or can be driven by postnatal testosterone and impacts on the ability to deal with an anxiogenic context. Differences in microglia morphology are not present at birth, but are observable at adolescence (increased complexity of male microglia, particularly in branches more proximal to the soma), when differences in behavior are also observed. Our data also show that adolescent females neonatally treated with testosterone exhibit masculinized microglia and behavior. Importantly, between adolescence and adulthood, a sex-determined shift in the pattern of complexity takes place and microglia from females become more complex. When testosterone is administered, this morphological effect is partially abolished, approximating microglia and behavior to the male phenotype. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T06:43:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-687e04dfefae464797f0beeea699c0fa |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-2392 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T06:43:58Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
| spelling | doaj.art-687e04dfefae464797f0beeea699c0fa2023-02-28T13:52:29ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Endocrinology1664-23922023-02-011410.3389/fendo.2023.11020681102068Neonatal testosterone voids sexually differentiated microglia morphology and behaviorCarla Filipa Simões-Henriques0Carla Filipa Simões-Henriques1Carla Filipa Simões-Henriques2A. Catarina Rodrigues-Neves3A. Catarina Rodrigues-Neves4A. Catarina Rodrigues-Neves5Fábio J. Sousa6Fábio J. Sousa7Fábio J. Sousa8Rita Gaspar9Rita Gaspar10Rita Gaspar11Inês Almeida12Inês Almeida13Inês Almeida14Filipa I. Baptista15Filipa I. Baptista16Filipa I. Baptista17António F. Ambrósio18António F. Ambrósio19António F. Ambrósio20Catarina A. Gomes21Catarina A. Gomes22Catarina A. Gomes23Catarina A. Gomes24Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, PortugalCenter for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, PortugalClinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, PortugalCoimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, PortugalCenter for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, PortugalClinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, PortugalCoimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, PortugalCenter for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, PortugalClinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, PortugalCoimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, PortugalCenter for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, PortugalClinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, PortugalCoimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, PortugalCenter for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, PortugalClinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, PortugalCoimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, PortugalCenter for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, PortugalClinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, PortugalCoimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, PortugalCenter for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, PortugalClinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, PortugalCoimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, PortugalCenter for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, PortugalClinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, PortugalFaculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, PortugalThe involvement of immunity in psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety, is typified by the morphologic adaptation of microglia, immune cells of the brain, to anxiogenic stimuli. We previously reported sexually differentiated microglia morphology in adult rodents, in brain locations implicated in anxiety, including the pre-frontal cortex. These physiologic differences likely drive sex-dependent patterns of microglia morphologic remodeling in response to varied stress conditions in different periods of life, that correlate with sex-dependent behavioral adaptation to anxiogenic stimuli. The time-window of appearance of sex differences in microglia, correlating with sex-specific behavioral performance in anxiogenic conditions are still unknown. In rodents, a postnatal peak of the sexual hormone testosterone is determinant for the so-called brain masculinization and sex-determined behavioral traits. In the present work we aim to clarify if differences in microglia morphology are present at birth or can be driven by postnatal testosterone and impacts on the ability to deal with an anxiogenic context. Differences in microglia morphology are not present at birth, but are observable at adolescence (increased complexity of male microglia, particularly in branches more proximal to the soma), when differences in behavior are also observed. Our data also show that adolescent females neonatally treated with testosterone exhibit masculinized microglia and behavior. Importantly, between adolescence and adulthood, a sex-determined shift in the pattern of complexity takes place and microglia from females become more complex. When testosterone is administered, this morphological effect is partially abolished, approximating microglia and behavior to the male phenotype.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2023.1102068/fulltestosteronemicrogliaanxiety-like behaviorsexorganizational effect |
| spellingShingle | Carla Filipa Simões-Henriques Carla Filipa Simões-Henriques Carla Filipa Simões-Henriques A. Catarina Rodrigues-Neves A. Catarina Rodrigues-Neves A. Catarina Rodrigues-Neves Fábio J. Sousa Fábio J. Sousa Fábio J. Sousa Rita Gaspar Rita Gaspar Rita Gaspar Inês Almeida Inês Almeida Inês Almeida Filipa I. Baptista Filipa I. Baptista Filipa I. Baptista António F. Ambrósio António F. Ambrósio António F. Ambrósio Catarina A. Gomes Catarina A. Gomes Catarina A. Gomes Catarina A. Gomes Neonatal testosterone voids sexually differentiated microglia morphology and behavior Frontiers in Endocrinology testosterone microglia anxiety-like behavior sex organizational effect |
| title | Neonatal testosterone voids sexually differentiated microglia morphology and behavior |
| title_full | Neonatal testosterone voids sexually differentiated microglia morphology and behavior |
| title_fullStr | Neonatal testosterone voids sexually differentiated microglia morphology and behavior |
| title_full_unstemmed | Neonatal testosterone voids sexually differentiated microglia morphology and behavior |
| title_short | Neonatal testosterone voids sexually differentiated microglia morphology and behavior |
| title_sort | neonatal testosterone voids sexually differentiated microglia morphology and behavior |
| topic | testosterone microglia anxiety-like behavior sex organizational effect |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2023.1102068/full |
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