Etiologic Puzzle of Coronary Artery Disease: How Important Is Genetic Component?
In the modern era, coronary artery disease (CAD) has become the most common form of heart disease and, due to the severity of its clinical manifestations and its acute complications, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The phenotypic variability of CAD is correlated with the compl...
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Life |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/12/6/865 |
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| author | Lăcrămioara Ionela Butnariu Laura Florea Minerva Codruta Badescu Elena Țarcă Irina-Iuliana Costache Eusebiu Vlad Gorduza |
| author_facet | Lăcrămioara Ionela Butnariu Laura Florea Minerva Codruta Badescu Elena Țarcă Irina-Iuliana Costache Eusebiu Vlad Gorduza |
| author_sort | Lăcrămioara Ionela Butnariu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In the modern era, coronary artery disease (CAD) has become the most common form of heart disease and, due to the severity of its clinical manifestations and its acute complications, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The phenotypic variability of CAD is correlated with the complex etiology, multifactorial (caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors) but also monogenic. The purpose of this review is to present the genetic factors involved in the etiology of CAD and their relationship to the pathogenic mechanisms of the disease. Method: we analyzed data from the literature, starting with candidate gene-based association studies, then continuing with extensive association studies such as Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) and Whole Exome Sequencing (WES). The results of these studies revealed that the number of genetic factors involved in CAD etiology is impressive. The identification of new genetic factors through GWASs offers new perspectives on understanding the complex pathophysiological mechanisms that determine CAD. In conclusion, deciphering the genetic architecture of CAD by extended genomic analysis (GWAS/WES) will establish new therapeutic targets and lead to the development of new treatments. The identification of individuals at high risk for CAD using polygenic risk scores (PRS) will allow early prophylactic measures and personalized therapy to improve their prognosis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:15:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-687e5f814f874bf2b80b1b3db6211394 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-1729 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:15:35Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Life |
| spelling | doaj.art-687e5f814f874bf2b80b1b3db62113942023-11-23T17:36:47ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292022-06-0112686510.3390/life12060865Etiologic Puzzle of Coronary Artery Disease: How Important Is Genetic Component?Lăcrămioara Ionela Butnariu0Laura Florea1Minerva Codruta Badescu2Elena Țarcă3Irina-Iuliana Costache4Eusebiu Vlad Gorduza5Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, RomaniaDepartment of Nefrology—Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, RomaniaDepartment of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iași, RomaniaDepartment of Surgery II—Pediatric Surgery, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, RomaniaDepartment of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iași, RomaniaDepartment of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, RomaniaIn the modern era, coronary artery disease (CAD) has become the most common form of heart disease and, due to the severity of its clinical manifestations and its acute complications, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The phenotypic variability of CAD is correlated with the complex etiology, multifactorial (caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors) but also monogenic. The purpose of this review is to present the genetic factors involved in the etiology of CAD and their relationship to the pathogenic mechanisms of the disease. Method: we analyzed data from the literature, starting with candidate gene-based association studies, then continuing with extensive association studies such as Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) and Whole Exome Sequencing (WES). The results of these studies revealed that the number of genetic factors involved in CAD etiology is impressive. The identification of new genetic factors through GWASs offers new perspectives on understanding the complex pathophysiological mechanisms that determine CAD. In conclusion, deciphering the genetic architecture of CAD by extended genomic analysis (GWAS/WES) will establish new therapeutic targets and lead to the development of new treatments. The identification of individuals at high risk for CAD using polygenic risk scores (PRS) will allow early prophylactic measures and personalized therapy to improve their prognosis.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/12/6/865coronary artery diseaseischemic heart diseaseatherosclerosisgenetic risk factorsheritabilitypolymorphism |
| spellingShingle | Lăcrămioara Ionela Butnariu Laura Florea Minerva Codruta Badescu Elena Țarcă Irina-Iuliana Costache Eusebiu Vlad Gorduza Etiologic Puzzle of Coronary Artery Disease: How Important Is Genetic Component? Life coronary artery disease ischemic heart disease atherosclerosis genetic risk factors heritability polymorphism |
| title | Etiologic Puzzle of Coronary Artery Disease: How Important Is Genetic Component? |
| title_full | Etiologic Puzzle of Coronary Artery Disease: How Important Is Genetic Component? |
| title_fullStr | Etiologic Puzzle of Coronary Artery Disease: How Important Is Genetic Component? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Etiologic Puzzle of Coronary Artery Disease: How Important Is Genetic Component? |
| title_short | Etiologic Puzzle of Coronary Artery Disease: How Important Is Genetic Component? |
| title_sort | etiologic puzzle of coronary artery disease how important is genetic component |
| topic | coronary artery disease ischemic heart disease atherosclerosis genetic risk factors heritability polymorphism |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/12/6/865 |
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