Effect of national wealth on BMI: An analysis of 206,266 individuals in 70 low-, middle- and high-income countries.
This study explores the relationship between BMI and national-wealth and the cross-level interaction effect of national-wealth and individual household-wealth using multilevel analysis.Data from the World Health Survey conducted in 2002-2004, across 70 low-, middle- and high-income countries was use...
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2017-01-01
|
| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5490996?pdf=render |
| _version_ | 1811231084741918720 |
|---|---|
| author | Mohd Masood Daniel D Reidpath |
| author_facet | Mohd Masood Daniel D Reidpath |
| author_sort | Mohd Masood |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study explores the relationship between BMI and national-wealth and the cross-level interaction effect of national-wealth and individual household-wealth using multilevel analysis.Data from the World Health Survey conducted in 2002-2004, across 70 low-, middle- and high-income countries was used. Participants aged 18 years and over were selected using multistage, stratified cluster sampling. BMI was used as outcome variable. The potential determinants of individual-level BMI were participants' sex, age, marital-status, education, occupation, household-wealth and location(rural/urban) at the individual-level. The country-level factors used were average national income (GNI-PPP) and income inequality (Gini-index). A two-level random-intercepts and fixed-slopes model structure with individuals nested within countries was fitted, treating BMI as a continuous outcome.The weighted mean BMI and standard-error of the 206,266 people from 70-countries was 23.90 (4.84). All the low-income countries were below the 25.0 mean BMI level and most of the high-income countries were above. All wealthier quintiles of household-wealth had higher scores in BMI than lowest quintile. Each USD10000 increase in GNI-PPP was associated with a 0.4 unit increase in BMI. The Gini-index was not associated with BMI. All these variables explained 28.1% of country-level, 4.9% of individual-level and 7.7% of total variance in BMI. The cross-level interaction effect between GNI-PPP and household-wealth was significant. BMI increased as the GNI-PPP increased in first four quintiles of household-wealth. However, the BMI of the wealthiest people decreased as the GNI-PPP increased.Both individual-level and country-level factors made an independent contribution to the BMI of the people. Household-wealth and national-income had significant interaction effects. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T10:39:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-687ebcacce4b456fab93fa84196883f4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T10:39:21Z |
| publishDate | 2017-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-687ebcacce4b456fab93fa84196883f42022-12-22T03:36:38ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032017-01-01126e017892810.1371/journal.pone.0178928Effect of national wealth on BMI: An analysis of 206,266 individuals in 70 low-, middle- and high-income countries.Mohd MasoodDaniel D ReidpathThis study explores the relationship between BMI and national-wealth and the cross-level interaction effect of national-wealth and individual household-wealth using multilevel analysis.Data from the World Health Survey conducted in 2002-2004, across 70 low-, middle- and high-income countries was used. Participants aged 18 years and over were selected using multistage, stratified cluster sampling. BMI was used as outcome variable. The potential determinants of individual-level BMI were participants' sex, age, marital-status, education, occupation, household-wealth and location(rural/urban) at the individual-level. The country-level factors used were average national income (GNI-PPP) and income inequality (Gini-index). A two-level random-intercepts and fixed-slopes model structure with individuals nested within countries was fitted, treating BMI as a continuous outcome.The weighted mean BMI and standard-error of the 206,266 people from 70-countries was 23.90 (4.84). All the low-income countries were below the 25.0 mean BMI level and most of the high-income countries were above. All wealthier quintiles of household-wealth had higher scores in BMI than lowest quintile. Each USD10000 increase in GNI-PPP was associated with a 0.4 unit increase in BMI. The Gini-index was not associated with BMI. All these variables explained 28.1% of country-level, 4.9% of individual-level and 7.7% of total variance in BMI. The cross-level interaction effect between GNI-PPP and household-wealth was significant. BMI increased as the GNI-PPP increased in first four quintiles of household-wealth. However, the BMI of the wealthiest people decreased as the GNI-PPP increased.Both individual-level and country-level factors made an independent contribution to the BMI of the people. Household-wealth and national-income had significant interaction effects.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5490996?pdf=render |
| spellingShingle | Mohd Masood Daniel D Reidpath Effect of national wealth on BMI: An analysis of 206,266 individuals in 70 low-, middle- and high-income countries. PLoS ONE |
| title | Effect of national wealth on BMI: An analysis of 206,266 individuals in 70 low-, middle- and high-income countries. |
| title_full | Effect of national wealth on BMI: An analysis of 206,266 individuals in 70 low-, middle- and high-income countries. |
| title_fullStr | Effect of national wealth on BMI: An analysis of 206,266 individuals in 70 low-, middle- and high-income countries. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of national wealth on BMI: An analysis of 206,266 individuals in 70 low-, middle- and high-income countries. |
| title_short | Effect of national wealth on BMI: An analysis of 206,266 individuals in 70 low-, middle- and high-income countries. |
| title_sort | effect of national wealth on bmi an analysis of 206 266 individuals in 70 low middle and high income countries |
| url | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5490996?pdf=render |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mohdmasood effectofnationalwealthonbmiananalysisof206266individualsin70lowmiddleandhighincomecountries AT danieldreidpath effectofnationalwealthonbmiananalysisof206266individualsin70lowmiddleandhighincomecountries |