Removal of Crystal Violet Dye from Aqueous Solutions through Adsorption onto Activated Carbon Fabrics
The removal of contaminants from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto carbonaceous materials has attracted increasing interest in recent years. In this study, pristine and oxidized activated carbon (AC) fabrics with different surface textures and porosity characteristics were used for the removal of...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5629/10/1/19 |
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| author | Batuhan Mulla Kyriacos Ioannou Gkerman Kotanidis Ioannis Ioannidis Georgios Constantinides Mark Baker Steven Hinder Christian Mitterer Ioannis Pashalidis Nikolaos Kostoglou Claus Rebholz |
| author_facet | Batuhan Mulla Kyriacos Ioannou Gkerman Kotanidis Ioannis Ioannidis Georgios Constantinides Mark Baker Steven Hinder Christian Mitterer Ioannis Pashalidis Nikolaos Kostoglou Claus Rebholz |
| author_sort | Batuhan Mulla |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The removal of contaminants from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto carbonaceous materials has attracted increasing interest in recent years. In this study, pristine and oxidized activated carbon (AC) fabrics with different surface textures and porosity characteristics were used for the removal of crystal violet (CV) dye from aqueous solutions. Batch adsorption experiments were performed to investigate the CV adsorption performance of the AC fabrics in terms of contact time, temperature, adsorbate concentration and adsorbent amount. Evaluation of the thermodynamic parameters and the adsorption performance of the AC fabrics in ground water and sea water solutions were also carried out. <i>Langmuir</i> isotherm model, pseudo first and pseudo second order kinetics models were utilized to analyze and fit the adsorption data. The introduction of oxygen-based functional groups on the surface of AC fabrics was carried out through a nitric acid treatment. This oxidation process resulted in a significant reduction in the surface area and pore volume, along with a small increase in the average pore size and a significant enhancement in the CV adsorption capacity, indicating that the dye molecules are mainly adsorbed on the external surface of the carbon fabrics. The herein evaluated 428 mg/g adsorption capacity at 55 °C for the oxidized non-woven AC fabric is one of the highest adsorption capacity values reported in the literature for CV removal using AC materials. Thermodynamic studies showed that the adsorption occurs spontaneously and is an endothermic and entropy-driven reaction. Furthermore, pristine and oxidized non-woven AC fabrics displayed more than 90% CV uptake from sea water samples, underlining the great potential these fabrics possess for the removal of dyes from natural/multicomponent waters. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:26:52Z |
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| id | doaj.art-68851c3eaf41404e83c7b94f988d355d |
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| issn | 2311-5629 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:26:52Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | C |
| spelling | doaj.art-68851c3eaf41404e83c7b94f988d355d2024-03-27T13:30:16ZengMDPI AGC2311-56292024-02-011011910.3390/c10010019Removal of Crystal Violet Dye from Aqueous Solutions through Adsorption onto Activated Carbon FabricsBatuhan Mulla0Kyriacos Ioannou1Gkerman Kotanidis2Ioannis Ioannidis3Georgios Constantinides4Mark Baker5Steven Hinder6Christian Mitterer7Ioannis Pashalidis8Nikolaos Kostoglou9Claus Rebholz10Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, 2109 Nicosia, CyprusDepartment of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, 2109 Nicosia, CyprusDepartment of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, 2109 Nicosia, CyprusDepartment of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, 2109 Nicosia, CyprusDepartment of Mechanical and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, 3036 Lemesos, CyprusDepartment of Mechanical Engineering Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU27XH, UKDepartment of Mechanical Engineering Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU27XH, UKDepartment of Materials Science, Montanuniversität Leoben, 8700 Leoben, AustriaDepartment of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, 2109 Nicosia, CyprusDepartment of Materials Science, Montanuniversität Leoben, 8700 Leoben, AustriaDepartment of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, 2109 Nicosia, CyprusThe removal of contaminants from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto carbonaceous materials has attracted increasing interest in recent years. In this study, pristine and oxidized activated carbon (AC) fabrics with different surface textures and porosity characteristics were used for the removal of crystal violet (CV) dye from aqueous solutions. Batch adsorption experiments were performed to investigate the CV adsorption performance of the AC fabrics in terms of contact time, temperature, adsorbate concentration and adsorbent amount. Evaluation of the thermodynamic parameters and the adsorption performance of the AC fabrics in ground water and sea water solutions were also carried out. <i>Langmuir</i> isotherm model, pseudo first and pseudo second order kinetics models were utilized to analyze and fit the adsorption data. The introduction of oxygen-based functional groups on the surface of AC fabrics was carried out through a nitric acid treatment. This oxidation process resulted in a significant reduction in the surface area and pore volume, along with a small increase in the average pore size and a significant enhancement in the CV adsorption capacity, indicating that the dye molecules are mainly adsorbed on the external surface of the carbon fabrics. The herein evaluated 428 mg/g adsorption capacity at 55 °C for the oxidized non-woven AC fabric is one of the highest adsorption capacity values reported in the literature for CV removal using AC materials. Thermodynamic studies showed that the adsorption occurs spontaneously and is an endothermic and entropy-driven reaction. Furthermore, pristine and oxidized non-woven AC fabrics displayed more than 90% CV uptake from sea water samples, underlining the great potential these fabrics possess for the removal of dyes from natural/multicomponent waters.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5629/10/1/19crystal violet removalactivated carbon fabricswater treatmentspectroscopic characterizationmicroscopic characterizationthermodynamics |
| spellingShingle | Batuhan Mulla Kyriacos Ioannou Gkerman Kotanidis Ioannis Ioannidis Georgios Constantinides Mark Baker Steven Hinder Christian Mitterer Ioannis Pashalidis Nikolaos Kostoglou Claus Rebholz Removal of Crystal Violet Dye from Aqueous Solutions through Adsorption onto Activated Carbon Fabrics C crystal violet removal activated carbon fabrics water treatment spectroscopic characterization microscopic characterization thermodynamics |
| title | Removal of Crystal Violet Dye from Aqueous Solutions through Adsorption onto Activated Carbon Fabrics |
| title_full | Removal of Crystal Violet Dye from Aqueous Solutions through Adsorption onto Activated Carbon Fabrics |
| title_fullStr | Removal of Crystal Violet Dye from Aqueous Solutions through Adsorption onto Activated Carbon Fabrics |
| title_full_unstemmed | Removal of Crystal Violet Dye from Aqueous Solutions through Adsorption onto Activated Carbon Fabrics |
| title_short | Removal of Crystal Violet Dye from Aqueous Solutions through Adsorption onto Activated Carbon Fabrics |
| title_sort | removal of crystal violet dye from aqueous solutions through adsorption onto activated carbon fabrics |
| topic | crystal violet removal activated carbon fabrics water treatment spectroscopic characterization microscopic characterization thermodynamics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5629/10/1/19 |
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