| Summary: | Anti-IgLON5 disease is a rare autoimmune encephalitis (AE) with anti-IgLON5 antibodies in serum and/or CSF, which was first reported in 2014. Different from the traditional AE, anti-IgLON5 disease presents dual characteristics of neuroimmunity and neurodegeneration. Autopsy of some patients showed phosphorylated tau deposition, mainly in hypothalamus and brainstem tegmentum. The discovery of anti-IgLON5 disease reveals a potential crosslink between neuroimmunology and neurodegeneration, and may become a breakthrough in studying the interplay between the two mechanisms, which means that the immune inflammation induces the deposition of phosphorylated tau protein. Neuroimmunity may participate in and promote the occurrence and development of neurodegeneration. Neuroimmunity may be the trigger of neurodegeneration.
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