Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Egyptian red sea sediments: Seasonal distribution, source Identification, and toxicological risk assessment
This study investigated the concentrations of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments from the shoreline of the Red Sea. 16 PAH concentrations ranged from 1.43 to 4990.69 µg/g dry weight to 1.64 to 6397.69 µg/g dry weight during spring and autumn, respectively. Most sites with the hi...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2023-09-01
|
| Series: | Arabian Journal of Chemistry |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878535223004616 |
| _version_ | 1797776654952562688 |
|---|---|
| author | Alaa M. Younis Said Hanafy Eman M. Elkady Mahmoud A. Ghandour Abdel-Aziz Y. El-Sayed Fahad M. Alminderej |
| author_facet | Alaa M. Younis Said Hanafy Eman M. Elkady Mahmoud A. Ghandour Abdel-Aziz Y. El-Sayed Fahad M. Alminderej |
| author_sort | Alaa M. Younis |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study investigated the concentrations of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments from the shoreline of the Red Sea. 16 PAH concentrations ranged from 1.43 to 4990.69 µg/g dry weight to 1.64 to 6397.69 µg/g dry weight during spring and autumn, respectively. Most sites with the highest PAH concentrations were (4–6 rings) compounds. The sources of PAHs were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) and diagnostic ratios between combinations of PAHs. The results indicated that the pyrogenic source was the primary source of PAHs. The results showed that surface sediment from all sample sites presents low to sporadic toxicity concerns to marine organisms. Total carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of eight priority PAHs ranged from 0.03 to 863.96 and 0.09 to 1197.85 µg/g dry weight, respectively (TEQBaP and MEQBaP). BaP accounted for most of the influence among the eight carcinogenic PAHs and could be employed as a particular PAH toxicity indicator. Using the toxic equivalent quotient (TEQcarc) and incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) to estimate human health risk, it has been determined that sediment contaminated with PAHs in some study area stations may possess the capacity to cause cancer, particularly in children. The ecological risk posed by PAHs was evaluated using a risk quotient (RQ). The RQPAHs estimated for the samples revealed that the study region was at a high-risk level. Anthropogenic hydrocarbon inputs that were more pronounced in locations connected to maritime activity are described in this study. Further monitoring studies encompassing different environmental matrices about PAHs pollution and their toxicological relevance should be conducted. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T22:54:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6888600f195642e28736c0e4597d18fd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1878-5352 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T22:54:00Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Arabian Journal of Chemistry |
| spelling | doaj.art-6888600f195642e28736c0e4597d18fd2023-07-20T04:37:53ZengElsevierArabian Journal of Chemistry1878-53522023-09-01169104999Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Egyptian red sea sediments: Seasonal distribution, source Identification, and toxicological risk assessmentAlaa M. Younis0Said Hanafy1Eman M. Elkady2Mahmoud A. Ghandour3Abdel-Aziz Y. El-Sayed4Fahad M. Alminderej5Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia; Department of Aquatic Environment, Faculty of Fish Resources, Suez University, Suez 43518, Egypt; Corresponding author at: Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia.Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency—Assiut Branch, Assiut 71764, EgyptNational Institute of Oceanography & Fisheries (NIOF), EgyptDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, EgyptDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University—Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, EgyptDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi ArabiaThis study investigated the concentrations of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments from the shoreline of the Red Sea. 16 PAH concentrations ranged from 1.43 to 4990.69 µg/g dry weight to 1.64 to 6397.69 µg/g dry weight during spring and autumn, respectively. Most sites with the highest PAH concentrations were (4–6 rings) compounds. The sources of PAHs were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) and diagnostic ratios between combinations of PAHs. The results indicated that the pyrogenic source was the primary source of PAHs. The results showed that surface sediment from all sample sites presents low to sporadic toxicity concerns to marine organisms. Total carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of eight priority PAHs ranged from 0.03 to 863.96 and 0.09 to 1197.85 µg/g dry weight, respectively (TEQBaP and MEQBaP). BaP accounted for most of the influence among the eight carcinogenic PAHs and could be employed as a particular PAH toxicity indicator. Using the toxic equivalent quotient (TEQcarc) and incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) to estimate human health risk, it has been determined that sediment contaminated with PAHs in some study area stations may possess the capacity to cause cancer, particularly in children. The ecological risk posed by PAHs was evaluated using a risk quotient (RQ). The RQPAHs estimated for the samples revealed that the study region was at a high-risk level. Anthropogenic hydrocarbon inputs that were more pronounced in locations connected to maritime activity are described in this study. Further monitoring studies encompassing different environmental matrices about PAHs pollution and their toxicological relevance should be conducted.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878535223004616Risk assessmentPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbonsCancer riskEcological riskEnvironmental monitoringRed Sea coast |
| spellingShingle | Alaa M. Younis Said Hanafy Eman M. Elkady Mahmoud A. Ghandour Abdel-Aziz Y. El-Sayed Fahad M. Alminderej Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Egyptian red sea sediments: Seasonal distribution, source Identification, and toxicological risk assessment Arabian Journal of Chemistry Risk assessment Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Cancer risk Ecological risk Environmental monitoring Red Sea coast |
| title | Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Egyptian red sea sediments: Seasonal distribution, source Identification, and toxicological risk assessment |
| title_full | Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Egyptian red sea sediments: Seasonal distribution, source Identification, and toxicological risk assessment |
| title_fullStr | Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Egyptian red sea sediments: Seasonal distribution, source Identification, and toxicological risk assessment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Egyptian red sea sediments: Seasonal distribution, source Identification, and toxicological risk assessment |
| title_short | Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Egyptian red sea sediments: Seasonal distribution, source Identification, and toxicological risk assessment |
| title_sort | polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pahs in egyptian red sea sediments seasonal distribution source identification and toxicological risk assessment |
| topic | Risk assessment Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Cancer risk Ecological risk Environmental monitoring Red Sea coast |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878535223004616 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT alaamyounis polycyclicaromatichydrocarbonspahsinegyptianredseasedimentsseasonaldistributionsourceidentificationandtoxicologicalriskassessment AT saidhanafy polycyclicaromatichydrocarbonspahsinegyptianredseasedimentsseasonaldistributionsourceidentificationandtoxicologicalriskassessment AT emanmelkady polycyclicaromatichydrocarbonspahsinegyptianredseasedimentsseasonaldistributionsourceidentificationandtoxicologicalriskassessment AT mahmoudaghandour polycyclicaromatichydrocarbonspahsinegyptianredseasedimentsseasonaldistributionsourceidentificationandtoxicologicalriskassessment AT abdelazizyelsayed polycyclicaromatichydrocarbonspahsinegyptianredseasedimentsseasonaldistributionsourceidentificationandtoxicologicalriskassessment AT fahadmalminderej polycyclicaromatichydrocarbonspahsinegyptianredseasedimentsseasonaldistributionsourceidentificationandtoxicologicalriskassessment |