Graphitic Carbon Nitride as an Amplification Platform on an Electrochemical Paper-Based Device for the Detection of Norovirus-Specific DNA
Norovirus is one of the leading causes of gastroenteritis, acute vomiting, intense diarrhoea, acute pain in the stomach, high fever, headaches, and body pain. Conventional methods of detection gave us very promising results but had disadvantages such as low sensitivity, cost ineffectiveness, reduced...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2020-04-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/7/2070 |
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| author | Aditya Rana Manjari Killa Neelam Yadav Annu Mishra Ashish Mathur Arun Kumar Manika Khanuja Jagriti Narang Roberto Pilloton |
| author_facet | Aditya Rana Manjari Killa Neelam Yadav Annu Mishra Ashish Mathur Arun Kumar Manika Khanuja Jagriti Narang Roberto Pilloton |
| author_sort | Aditya Rana |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Norovirus is one of the leading causes of gastroenteritis, acute vomiting, intense diarrhoea, acute pain in the stomach, high fever, headaches, and body pain. Conventional methods of detection gave us very promising results but had disadvantages such as low sensitivity, cost ineffectiveness, reduced specificity and selectivity, etc. Therefore, biosensors can be a viable alternative device which can overcome all setbacks associated with the conventional method. An electrochemical sensor based on oxidized graphitic carbon nitride (Ox-g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) modified electrochemical paper-based analytical device (ePAD) was fabricated for the detection of norovirus DNA. The synthesized Ox-g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> nanosheets were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis spectroscopy and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. The capture probe DNA (PDNA) modified electrodes were characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). These two characterization techniques were also employed to find the optimal scan rate, response time and temperature of the fabricated sensor. The fabricated biosensor showed a limit of detection (LOD) of 100 fM. Furthermore, the specificity of the reported biosensor was affirmed by testing the response of capture probe DNA with oxidized graphitic carbon nitride (PDNA/Ox-g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) modified ePAD on the introduction of a non-complimentary DNA. The fabricated ePAD sensor is easy to fabricate, cost effective and specific, and requires a minimum analysis time of 5 s. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:37:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6889e68f7fa4411ba4dbc414a04e70f6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:37:47Z |
| publishDate | 2020-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-6889e68f7fa4411ba4dbc414a04e70f62023-11-19T20:54:36ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202020-04-01207207010.3390/s20072070Graphitic Carbon Nitride as an Amplification Platform on an Electrochemical Paper-Based Device for the Detection of Norovirus-Specific DNAAditya Rana0Manjari Killa1Neelam Yadav2Annu Mishra3Ashish Mathur4Arun Kumar5Manika Khanuja6Jagriti Narang7Roberto Pilloton8Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University, Noida 201313, IndiaAmity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University, Noida 201313, IndiaCentre for Biotechnology Maharshi Dayanand University, Haryana 124001, IndiaAmity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University, Noida 201313, IndiaAmity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University, Noida 201313, IndiaCentre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia University, New Delhi 110025, IndiaCentre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia University, New Delhi 110025, IndiaDepartment of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, IndiaNational Research Council (CNR), Institute of Crystallography (IC), Via Salaria Km 29.3, Rome I-00015, ItalyNorovirus is one of the leading causes of gastroenteritis, acute vomiting, intense diarrhoea, acute pain in the stomach, high fever, headaches, and body pain. Conventional methods of detection gave us very promising results but had disadvantages such as low sensitivity, cost ineffectiveness, reduced specificity and selectivity, etc. Therefore, biosensors can be a viable alternative device which can overcome all setbacks associated with the conventional method. An electrochemical sensor based on oxidized graphitic carbon nitride (Ox-g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) modified electrochemical paper-based analytical device (ePAD) was fabricated for the detection of norovirus DNA. The synthesized Ox-g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> nanosheets were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis spectroscopy and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. The capture probe DNA (PDNA) modified electrodes were characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). These two characterization techniques were also employed to find the optimal scan rate, response time and temperature of the fabricated sensor. The fabricated biosensor showed a limit of detection (LOD) of 100 fM. Furthermore, the specificity of the reported biosensor was affirmed by testing the response of capture probe DNA with oxidized graphitic carbon nitride (PDNA/Ox-g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) modified ePAD on the introduction of a non-complimentary DNA. The fabricated ePAD sensor is easy to fabricate, cost effective and specific, and requires a minimum analysis time of 5 s.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/7/2070paper-based analytical deviceoxidized graphitic carbon nitridegenosensormethylene bluenorovirus |
| spellingShingle | Aditya Rana Manjari Killa Neelam Yadav Annu Mishra Ashish Mathur Arun Kumar Manika Khanuja Jagriti Narang Roberto Pilloton Graphitic Carbon Nitride as an Amplification Platform on an Electrochemical Paper-Based Device for the Detection of Norovirus-Specific DNA Sensors paper-based analytical device oxidized graphitic carbon nitride genosensor methylene blue norovirus |
| title | Graphitic Carbon Nitride as an Amplification Platform on an Electrochemical Paper-Based Device for the Detection of Norovirus-Specific DNA |
| title_full | Graphitic Carbon Nitride as an Amplification Platform on an Electrochemical Paper-Based Device for the Detection of Norovirus-Specific DNA |
| title_fullStr | Graphitic Carbon Nitride as an Amplification Platform on an Electrochemical Paper-Based Device for the Detection of Norovirus-Specific DNA |
| title_full_unstemmed | Graphitic Carbon Nitride as an Amplification Platform on an Electrochemical Paper-Based Device for the Detection of Norovirus-Specific DNA |
| title_short | Graphitic Carbon Nitride as an Amplification Platform on an Electrochemical Paper-Based Device for the Detection of Norovirus-Specific DNA |
| title_sort | graphitic carbon nitride as an amplification platform on an electrochemical paper based device for the detection of norovirus specific dna |
| topic | paper-based analytical device oxidized graphitic carbon nitride genosensor methylene blue norovirus |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/7/2070 |
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