In Vitro Studies for Investigating Creep of Intervertebral Discs under Axial Compression: A Review of Testing Environment and Results
Creep responses of intervertebral discs (IVDs) are essential for spinal biomechanics clarification. Yet, there still lacks a well-recognized investigation protocol for this phenomenon. Current work aims at providing researchers with an overview of the in vitro creep tests reported by previous studie...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/7/2500 |
| _version_ | 1797438659648028672 |
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| author | Mengying Yang Dingding Xiang Song Wang Weiqiang Liu |
| author_facet | Mengying Yang Dingding Xiang Song Wang Weiqiang Liu |
| author_sort | Mengying Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Creep responses of intervertebral discs (IVDs) are essential for spinal biomechanics clarification. Yet, there still lacks a well-recognized investigation protocol for this phenomenon. Current work aims at providing researchers with an overview of the in vitro creep tests reported by previous studies, specifically specimen species, testing environment, loading regimes and major results, based on which a preliminary consensus that may guide future creep studies is proposed. Specimens used in creep studies can be simplified as a “bone–disc–bone” structure where three mathematical models can be adopted for describing IVDs’ responses. The preload of 10–50 N for 30 min or three cycles followed by 4 h-creep under constant compression is recommended for ex vivo simulation of physiological condition of long-time sitting or lying. It is worth noticing that species of specimens, environment temperature and humidity all have influences on biomechanical behaviors, and thus are summarized and compared through the literature review. All factors should be carefully set according to a guideline before tests are conducted to urge comparable results across studies. To this end, this review also provides a guideline, as mentioned before, and specific steps that might facilitate the community of biomechanics to obtain more repeatable and comparable results from both natural specimens and novel biomaterials. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:40:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-689aef8c5d52476e94c551c8fcfca4e7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:40:16Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-689aef8c5d52476e94c551c8fcfca4e72023-11-30T23:33:00ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442022-03-01157250010.3390/ma15072500In Vitro Studies for Investigating Creep of Intervertebral Discs under Axial Compression: A Review of Testing Environment and ResultsMengying Yang0Dingding Xiang1Song Wang2Weiqiang Liu3Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaBiomechanics and Biotechnology Lab, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, ChinaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaCreep responses of intervertebral discs (IVDs) are essential for spinal biomechanics clarification. Yet, there still lacks a well-recognized investigation protocol for this phenomenon. Current work aims at providing researchers with an overview of the in vitro creep tests reported by previous studies, specifically specimen species, testing environment, loading regimes and major results, based on which a preliminary consensus that may guide future creep studies is proposed. Specimens used in creep studies can be simplified as a “bone–disc–bone” structure where three mathematical models can be adopted for describing IVDs’ responses. The preload of 10–50 N for 30 min or three cycles followed by 4 h-creep under constant compression is recommended for ex vivo simulation of physiological condition of long-time sitting or lying. It is worth noticing that species of specimens, environment temperature and humidity all have influences on biomechanical behaviors, and thus are summarized and compared through the literature review. All factors should be carefully set according to a guideline before tests are conducted to urge comparable results across studies. To this end, this review also provides a guideline, as mentioned before, and specific steps that might facilitate the community of biomechanics to obtain more repeatable and comparable results from both natural specimens and novel biomaterials.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/7/2500intervertebral disccreepin vitromechanical testingbiomechanics |
| spellingShingle | Mengying Yang Dingding Xiang Song Wang Weiqiang Liu In Vitro Studies for Investigating Creep of Intervertebral Discs under Axial Compression: A Review of Testing Environment and Results Materials intervertebral disc creep in vitro mechanical testing biomechanics |
| title | In Vitro Studies for Investigating Creep of Intervertebral Discs under Axial Compression: A Review of Testing Environment and Results |
| title_full | In Vitro Studies for Investigating Creep of Intervertebral Discs under Axial Compression: A Review of Testing Environment and Results |
| title_fullStr | In Vitro Studies for Investigating Creep of Intervertebral Discs under Axial Compression: A Review of Testing Environment and Results |
| title_full_unstemmed | In Vitro Studies for Investigating Creep of Intervertebral Discs under Axial Compression: A Review of Testing Environment and Results |
| title_short | In Vitro Studies for Investigating Creep of Intervertebral Discs under Axial Compression: A Review of Testing Environment and Results |
| title_sort | in vitro studies for investigating creep of intervertebral discs under axial compression a review of testing environment and results |
| topic | intervertebral disc creep in vitro mechanical testing biomechanics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/7/2500 |
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