Neuroprotective–Neurorestorative Effects Induced by Progesterone on Global Cerebral Ischemia: A Narrative Review
Progesterone (P4) is a neuroactive hormone having pleiotropic effects, supporting its pharmacological potential to treat global (cardiac-arrest-related) cerebral ischemia, a condition associated with an elevated risk of dementia. This review examines the current biochemical, morphological, and funct...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceutics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/15/12/2697 |
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| author | Pedro Montes Emma Ortíz-Islas Citlali Ekaterina Rodríguez-Pérez Elizabeth Ruiz-Sánchez Daniela Silva-Adaya Pavel Pichardo-Rojas Victoria Campos-Peña |
| author_facet | Pedro Montes Emma Ortíz-Islas Citlali Ekaterina Rodríguez-Pérez Elizabeth Ruiz-Sánchez Daniela Silva-Adaya Pavel Pichardo-Rojas Victoria Campos-Peña |
| author_sort | Pedro Montes |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Progesterone (P4) is a neuroactive hormone having pleiotropic effects, supporting its pharmacological potential to treat global (cardiac-arrest-related) cerebral ischemia, a condition associated with an elevated risk of dementia. This review examines the current biochemical, morphological, and functional evidence showing the neuroprotective/neurorestorative effects of P4 against global cerebral ischemia (GCI). Experimental findings show that P4 may counteract pathophysiological mechanisms and/or regulate endogenous mechanisms of plasticity induced by GCI. According to this, P4 treatment consistently improves the performance of cognitive functions, such as learning and memory, impaired by GCI. This functional recovery is related to the significant morphological preservation of brain structures vulnerable to ischemia when the hormone is administered before and/or after a moderate ischemic episode; and with long-term adaptive plastic restoration processes of altered brain morphology when treatment is given after an episode of severe ischemia. The insights presented here may be a guide for future basic research, including the study of P4 administration schemes that focus on promoting its post-ischemia neurorestorative effect. Furthermore, considering that functional recovery is a desired endpoint of pharmacological strategies in the clinic, they could support the study of P4 treatment for decreasing dementia in patients who have suffered an episode of GCI. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:26:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-689ee07e17a942d2ac8a84d53bb9726e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4923 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:26:59Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceutics |
| spelling | doaj.art-689ee07e17a942d2ac8a84d53bb9726e2023-12-22T14:32:01ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232023-11-011512269710.3390/pharmaceutics15122697Neuroprotective–Neurorestorative Effects Induced by Progesterone on Global Cerebral Ischemia: A Narrative ReviewPedro Montes0Emma Ortíz-Islas1Citlali Ekaterina Rodríguez-Pérez2Elizabeth Ruiz-Sánchez3Daniela Silva-Adaya4Pavel Pichardo-Rojas5Victoria Campos-Peña6Laboratorio de Neuroinmunoendocrinología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, MexicoLaboratorio de Neurofarmacología Molecular y Nanotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, MexicoLaboratorio de Neurofarmacología Molecular y Nanotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, MexicoLaboratorio de Neuroquímica, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, MexicoLaboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, MexicoThe Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USALaboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, MexicoProgesterone (P4) is a neuroactive hormone having pleiotropic effects, supporting its pharmacological potential to treat global (cardiac-arrest-related) cerebral ischemia, a condition associated with an elevated risk of dementia. This review examines the current biochemical, morphological, and functional evidence showing the neuroprotective/neurorestorative effects of P4 against global cerebral ischemia (GCI). Experimental findings show that P4 may counteract pathophysiological mechanisms and/or regulate endogenous mechanisms of plasticity induced by GCI. According to this, P4 treatment consistently improves the performance of cognitive functions, such as learning and memory, impaired by GCI. This functional recovery is related to the significant morphological preservation of brain structures vulnerable to ischemia when the hormone is administered before and/or after a moderate ischemic episode; and with long-term adaptive plastic restoration processes of altered brain morphology when treatment is given after an episode of severe ischemia. The insights presented here may be a guide for future basic research, including the study of P4 administration schemes that focus on promoting its post-ischemia neurorestorative effect. Furthermore, considering that functional recovery is a desired endpoint of pharmacological strategies in the clinic, they could support the study of P4 treatment for decreasing dementia in patients who have suffered an episode of GCI.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/15/12/2697global cerebral ischemiadementianeurorestorationprogesteroneneuroprotection |
| spellingShingle | Pedro Montes Emma Ortíz-Islas Citlali Ekaterina Rodríguez-Pérez Elizabeth Ruiz-Sánchez Daniela Silva-Adaya Pavel Pichardo-Rojas Victoria Campos-Peña Neuroprotective–Neurorestorative Effects Induced by Progesterone on Global Cerebral Ischemia: A Narrative Review Pharmaceutics global cerebral ischemia dementia neurorestoration progesterone neuroprotection |
| title | Neuroprotective–Neurorestorative Effects Induced by Progesterone on Global Cerebral Ischemia: A Narrative Review |
| title_full | Neuroprotective–Neurorestorative Effects Induced by Progesterone on Global Cerebral Ischemia: A Narrative Review |
| title_fullStr | Neuroprotective–Neurorestorative Effects Induced by Progesterone on Global Cerebral Ischemia: A Narrative Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Neuroprotective–Neurorestorative Effects Induced by Progesterone on Global Cerebral Ischemia: A Narrative Review |
| title_short | Neuroprotective–Neurorestorative Effects Induced by Progesterone on Global Cerebral Ischemia: A Narrative Review |
| title_sort | neuroprotective neurorestorative effects induced by progesterone on global cerebral ischemia a narrative review |
| topic | global cerebral ischemia dementia neurorestoration progesterone neuroprotection |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/15/12/2697 |
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