The Complex Interplay between Vaginal Microbiota, HPV Infection, and Immunological Microenvironment in Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia: A Literature Review
Background: in recent years, many studies were carried out to explore the role of vaginal microbiota in HPV infections and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) progression. The aim of this study was to conduct a review of the literature to analyze the interaction between the vaginal microbiota,...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/13/7174 |
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| author | Barbara Gardella Marianna Francesca Pasquali Marco La Verde Stefano Cianci Marco Torella Mattia Dominoni |
| author_facet | Barbara Gardella Marianna Francesca Pasquali Marco La Verde Stefano Cianci Marco Torella Mattia Dominoni |
| author_sort | Barbara Gardella |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: in recent years, many studies were carried out to explore the role of vaginal microbiota in HPV infections and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) progression. The aim of this study was to conduct a review of the literature to analyze the interaction between the vaginal microbiota, the CIN, and the immunological response. Methods: we performed a literature search, considering papers published between November 2015 and September 2021. Results: despite significant evidence suggesting a role of vaginal microbiota in the pathogenesis of HPV-related lesions, some studies still struggle to demonstrate this correlation. However, the vaginal microbiota of HPV-positive women shows an increased diversity, combined with a reduced relative abundance of <i>Lactobacillus</i> spp. and a higher pH. In cervical dysplasia progression, a strong association is found with new bacteria, and with the deregulation of pathways and hyperexpression of cytokines leading to chronic inflammation. Conclusions: in HPV progression, there is a strong correlation between potential biomarkers, such as <i>Sneathia and Delftia</i> found in community state types IV and II, and chronic inflammation with cytokine overexpression. Better analysis of these factors could be of use in the prevention of the progression of the disease and, eventually, in new therapeutic strategies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:49:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-68a458fe9c574cb4a8f1ced8192e43ee |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:49:51Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-68a458fe9c574cb4a8f1ced8192e43ee2023-11-23T20:09:29ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-06-012313717410.3390/ijms23137174The Complex Interplay between Vaginal Microbiota, HPV Infection, and Immunological Microenvironment in Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia: A Literature ReviewBarbara Gardella0Marianna Francesca Pasquali1Marco La Verde2Stefano Cianci3Marco Torella4Mattia Dominoni5Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS Foundation Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS Foundation Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, ItalyObstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania, Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, ItalyObstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania, Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS Foundation Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, ItalyBackground: in recent years, many studies were carried out to explore the role of vaginal microbiota in HPV infections and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) progression. The aim of this study was to conduct a review of the literature to analyze the interaction between the vaginal microbiota, the CIN, and the immunological response. Methods: we performed a literature search, considering papers published between November 2015 and September 2021. Results: despite significant evidence suggesting a role of vaginal microbiota in the pathogenesis of HPV-related lesions, some studies still struggle to demonstrate this correlation. However, the vaginal microbiota of HPV-positive women shows an increased diversity, combined with a reduced relative abundance of <i>Lactobacillus</i> spp. and a higher pH. In cervical dysplasia progression, a strong association is found with new bacteria, and with the deregulation of pathways and hyperexpression of cytokines leading to chronic inflammation. Conclusions: in HPV progression, there is a strong correlation between potential biomarkers, such as <i>Sneathia and Delftia</i> found in community state types IV and II, and chronic inflammation with cytokine overexpression. Better analysis of these factors could be of use in the prevention of the progression of the disease and, eventually, in new therapeutic strategies.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/13/7174microbiotaCINHPVinflammation |
| spellingShingle | Barbara Gardella Marianna Francesca Pasquali Marco La Verde Stefano Cianci Marco Torella Mattia Dominoni The Complex Interplay between Vaginal Microbiota, HPV Infection, and Immunological Microenvironment in Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia: A Literature Review International Journal of Molecular Sciences microbiota CIN HPV inflammation |
| title | The Complex Interplay between Vaginal Microbiota, HPV Infection, and Immunological Microenvironment in Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia: A Literature Review |
| title_full | The Complex Interplay between Vaginal Microbiota, HPV Infection, and Immunological Microenvironment in Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia: A Literature Review |
| title_fullStr | The Complex Interplay between Vaginal Microbiota, HPV Infection, and Immunological Microenvironment in Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia: A Literature Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Complex Interplay between Vaginal Microbiota, HPV Infection, and Immunological Microenvironment in Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia: A Literature Review |
| title_short | The Complex Interplay between Vaginal Microbiota, HPV Infection, and Immunological Microenvironment in Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia: A Literature Review |
| title_sort | complex interplay between vaginal microbiota hpv infection and immunological microenvironment in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia a literature review |
| topic | microbiota CIN HPV inflammation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/13/7174 |
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