Leptin Levels of the Perinatal Period Shape Offspring’s Weight Trajectories through the First Year of Age
Background: Leptin is a hormone regulating lifetime energy homeostasis and metabolism and its concentration is important starting from prenatal life. We aimed to investigate the association of perinatal leptin concentrations with growth trajectories during the first year of life. Methods: Prospectiv...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/7/1451 |
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| author | Francesca Garofoli Iolanda Mazzucchelli Micol Angelini Catherine Klersy Virginia Valeria Ferretti Barbara Gardella Giulia Vittoria Carletti Arsenio Spinillo Chryssoula Tzialla Stefano Ghirardello |
| author_facet | Francesca Garofoli Iolanda Mazzucchelli Micol Angelini Catherine Klersy Virginia Valeria Ferretti Barbara Gardella Giulia Vittoria Carletti Arsenio Spinillo Chryssoula Tzialla Stefano Ghirardello |
| author_sort | Francesca Garofoli |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Leptin is a hormone regulating lifetime energy homeostasis and metabolism and its concentration is important starting from prenatal life. We aimed to investigate the association of perinatal leptin concentrations with growth trajectories during the first year of life. Methods: Prospective, longitudinal study, measuring leptin concentration in maternal plasma before delivery, cord blood (CB), and mature breast milk and correlating their impact on neonate’s bodyweight from birth to 1 year of age, in 16 full-term (FT), 16 preterm (PT), and 13 intrauterine growth-restricted (IUGR) neonates. Results: Maternal leptin concentrations were highest in the PT group, followed by IUGR and FT, with no statistical differences among groups (<i>p</i> = 0.213). CB leptin concentrations were significantly higher in FT compared with PT and IUGR neonates (PT vs. FT; IUGR vs. FT: <i>p</i> < 0.001). Maternal milk leptin concentrations were low, with no difference among groups. Maternal leptin and milk concentrations were negatively associated with all the neonates’ weight changes (<i>p</i> = 0.017 and <i>p</i> = 0.006), while the association with CB leptin was not significant (<i>p</i> = 0.051). Considering each subgroup individually, statistical analysis confirmed the previous results in PT and IUGR infants, with the highest value in the PT subgroup. In addition, this group’s results negatively correlated with CB leptin (<i>p</i> = 0.026) and showed the largest % weight increase. Conclusions: Leptin might play a role in neonatal growth trajectories, characterized by an inverse correlation with maternal plasma and milk. PT infants showed the highest correlation with hormone levels, regardless of source, seeming the most affected group by leptin guidance. Low leptin levels appeared to contribute to critical neonates’ ability to recover a correct body weight at 1 year. An eventual non-physiological “catch-up growth” should be monitored, and leptin perinatal levels may be an indicative tool. Further investigations are needed to strengthen the results. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:32:34Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:32:34Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
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| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-68a508fcba01480895e07e6df943b1492023-11-30T23:48:25ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432022-03-01147145110.3390/nu14071451Leptin Levels of the Perinatal Period Shape Offspring’s Weight Trajectories through the First Year of AgeFrancesca Garofoli0Iolanda Mazzucchelli1Micol Angelini2Catherine Klersy3Virginia Valeria Ferretti4Barbara Gardella5Giulia Vittoria Carletti6Arsenio Spinillo7Chryssoula Tzialla8Stefano Ghirardello9Neonatal Unit and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, ItalyUnit of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, ItalyNeonatal Unit and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, ItalyClinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, ItalyClinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, ItalyUnit of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, ItalyUnit of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, ItalyUnit of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, ItalyNeonatal Unit and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, ItalyNeonatal Unit and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, ItalyBackground: Leptin is a hormone regulating lifetime energy homeostasis and metabolism and its concentration is important starting from prenatal life. We aimed to investigate the association of perinatal leptin concentrations with growth trajectories during the first year of life. Methods: Prospective, longitudinal study, measuring leptin concentration in maternal plasma before delivery, cord blood (CB), and mature breast milk and correlating their impact on neonate’s bodyweight from birth to 1 year of age, in 16 full-term (FT), 16 preterm (PT), and 13 intrauterine growth-restricted (IUGR) neonates. Results: Maternal leptin concentrations were highest in the PT group, followed by IUGR and FT, with no statistical differences among groups (<i>p</i> = 0.213). CB leptin concentrations were significantly higher in FT compared with PT and IUGR neonates (PT vs. FT; IUGR vs. FT: <i>p</i> < 0.001). Maternal milk leptin concentrations were low, with no difference among groups. Maternal leptin and milk concentrations were negatively associated with all the neonates’ weight changes (<i>p</i> = 0.017 and <i>p</i> = 0.006), while the association with CB leptin was not significant (<i>p</i> = 0.051). Considering each subgroup individually, statistical analysis confirmed the previous results in PT and IUGR infants, with the highest value in the PT subgroup. In addition, this group’s results negatively correlated with CB leptin (<i>p</i> = 0.026) and showed the largest % weight increase. Conclusions: Leptin might play a role in neonatal growth trajectories, characterized by an inverse correlation with maternal plasma and milk. PT infants showed the highest correlation with hormone levels, regardless of source, seeming the most affected group by leptin guidance. Low leptin levels appeared to contribute to critical neonates’ ability to recover a correct body weight at 1 year. An eventual non-physiological “catch-up growth” should be monitored, and leptin perinatal levels may be an indicative tool. Further investigations are needed to strengthen the results.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/7/1451leptinpreterm neonateintrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)growth trajectorieschildren health prognosis |
| spellingShingle | Francesca Garofoli Iolanda Mazzucchelli Micol Angelini Catherine Klersy Virginia Valeria Ferretti Barbara Gardella Giulia Vittoria Carletti Arsenio Spinillo Chryssoula Tzialla Stefano Ghirardello Leptin Levels of the Perinatal Period Shape Offspring’s Weight Trajectories through the First Year of Age Nutrients leptin preterm neonate intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) growth trajectories children health prognosis |
| title | Leptin Levels of the Perinatal Period Shape Offspring’s Weight Trajectories through the First Year of Age |
| title_full | Leptin Levels of the Perinatal Period Shape Offspring’s Weight Trajectories through the First Year of Age |
| title_fullStr | Leptin Levels of the Perinatal Period Shape Offspring’s Weight Trajectories through the First Year of Age |
| title_full_unstemmed | Leptin Levels of the Perinatal Period Shape Offspring’s Weight Trajectories through the First Year of Age |
| title_short | Leptin Levels of the Perinatal Period Shape Offspring’s Weight Trajectories through the First Year of Age |
| title_sort | leptin levels of the perinatal period shape offspring s weight trajectories through the first year of age |
| topic | leptin preterm neonate intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) growth trajectories children health prognosis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/7/1451 |
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