Fast Evaluation and Comparison of the Energy Performances of Elastomers from Relative Energy Stored Identification under Mechanical Loadings
The way in which elastomers use mechanical energy to deform provides information about their mechanical performance in situations that require substantial characterization in terms of test time and cost. This is especially true since it is usually necessary to explore many chemical compositions to o...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/3/412 |
| _version_ | 1797485285236277248 |
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| author | Jean-Benoît Le Cam |
| author_facet | Jean-Benoît Le Cam |
| author_sort | Jean-Benoît Le Cam |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The way in which elastomers use mechanical energy to deform provides information about their mechanical performance in situations that require substantial characterization in terms of test time and cost. This is especially true since it is usually necessary to explore many chemical compositions to obtain the most relevant one. This paper presents a simple and fast approach to characterizing the mechanical and energy behavior of elastomers, that is, how they use the mechanical energy brought to them. The methodology consists of performing one uniaxial cyclic tensile test with a simultaneous temperature measurement. The temperature measurement at the specimen surface is processed with the heat diffusion equation to reconstruct the heat source fields, which in fact amounts to surface calorimetry. Then, the part of the energy involved in the mechanical hysteresis loop that is not converted into heat can be identified and a quantity <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>γ</mi><mrow><mi>s</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> is introduced for evaluating the energy performance of the materials. This quantity is defined as an energy ratio and assesses the ability of the material to store and release a certain amount of mechanical energy through reversible microstructure changes. Therefore, it quantifies the relative energy that is not used to damage the material, for example to propagate cracks, and that is not dissipated as heat. In this paper, different crystallizable materials have been considered, filled and unfilled. This approach opens many perspectives to discriminate, in an accelerated way, the factors affecting these energetic performances of elastomers, at the first order are obviously the formulation, the aging and the mechanical loading. In addition, such an approach is well adapted to better characterize the elastocaloric effects in elastomeric materials. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:17:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-68a7fe76245444debb1c27617d4735f0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:17:35Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-68a7fe76245444debb1c27617d4735f02023-11-23T17:33:25ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602022-01-0114341210.3390/polym14030412Fast Evaluation and Comparison of the Energy Performances of Elastomers from Relative Energy Stored Identification under Mechanical LoadingsJean-Benoît Le Cam0Institut de Physique UMR 6251 CNRS de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, Université de Rennes 1, Bât. 10B, CEDEX, 35042 Rennes, FranceThe way in which elastomers use mechanical energy to deform provides information about their mechanical performance in situations that require substantial characterization in terms of test time and cost. This is especially true since it is usually necessary to explore many chemical compositions to obtain the most relevant one. This paper presents a simple and fast approach to characterizing the mechanical and energy behavior of elastomers, that is, how they use the mechanical energy brought to them. The methodology consists of performing one uniaxial cyclic tensile test with a simultaneous temperature measurement. The temperature measurement at the specimen surface is processed with the heat diffusion equation to reconstruct the heat source fields, which in fact amounts to surface calorimetry. Then, the part of the energy involved in the mechanical hysteresis loop that is not converted into heat can be identified and a quantity <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>γ</mi><mrow><mi>s</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> is introduced for evaluating the energy performance of the materials. This quantity is defined as an energy ratio and assesses the ability of the material to store and release a certain amount of mechanical energy through reversible microstructure changes. Therefore, it quantifies the relative energy that is not used to damage the material, for example to propagate cracks, and that is not dissipated as heat. In this paper, different crystallizable materials have been considered, filled and unfilled. This approach opens many perspectives to discriminate, in an accelerated way, the factors affecting these energetic performances of elastomers, at the first order are obviously the formulation, the aging and the mechanical loading. In addition, such an approach is well adapted to better characterize the elastocaloric effects in elastomeric materials.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/3/412elastomerfast characterizationenergy stored and releasedheat source reconstructionintrinsic dissipationinfrared thermography |
| spellingShingle | Jean-Benoît Le Cam Fast Evaluation and Comparison of the Energy Performances of Elastomers from Relative Energy Stored Identification under Mechanical Loadings Polymers elastomer fast characterization energy stored and released heat source reconstruction intrinsic dissipation infrared thermography |
| title | Fast Evaluation and Comparison of the Energy Performances of Elastomers from Relative Energy Stored Identification under Mechanical Loadings |
| title_full | Fast Evaluation and Comparison of the Energy Performances of Elastomers from Relative Energy Stored Identification under Mechanical Loadings |
| title_fullStr | Fast Evaluation and Comparison of the Energy Performances of Elastomers from Relative Energy Stored Identification under Mechanical Loadings |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fast Evaluation and Comparison of the Energy Performances of Elastomers from Relative Energy Stored Identification under Mechanical Loadings |
| title_short | Fast Evaluation and Comparison of the Energy Performances of Elastomers from Relative Energy Stored Identification under Mechanical Loadings |
| title_sort | fast evaluation and comparison of the energy performances of elastomers from relative energy stored identification under mechanical loadings |
| topic | elastomer fast characterization energy stored and released heat source reconstruction intrinsic dissipation infrared thermography |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/3/412 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jeanbenoitlecam fastevaluationandcomparisonoftheenergyperformancesofelastomersfromrelativeenergystoredidentificationundermechanicalloadings |