Spatio-Temporal Variability of Suspended Particulate Matter in a High-Arctic Estuary (Adventfjorden, Svalbard) Using Sentinel-2 Time-Series
Arctic coasts, which feature land-ocean transport of freshwater, sediments, and other terrestrial material, are impacted by climate change, including increased temperatures, melting glaciers, changes in precipitation and runoff. These trends are assumed to affect productivity in fjordic estuaries. H...
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/13/3123 |
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| author | Daniela M. R. Walch Rakesh K. Singh Janne E. Søreide Hugues Lantuit Amanda Poste |
| author_facet | Daniela M. R. Walch Rakesh K. Singh Janne E. Søreide Hugues Lantuit Amanda Poste |
| author_sort | Daniela M. R. Walch |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Arctic coasts, which feature land-ocean transport of freshwater, sediments, and other terrestrial material, are impacted by climate change, including increased temperatures, melting glaciers, changes in precipitation and runoff. These trends are assumed to affect productivity in fjordic estuaries. However, the spatial extent and temporal variation of the freshwater-driven darkening of fjords remain unresolved. The present study illustrates the spatio-temporal variability of suspended particulate matter (SPM) in the Adventfjorden estuary, Svalbard, using in-situ field campaigns and ocean colour remote sensing (OCRS) via high-resolution Sentinel-2 imagery. To compute SPM concentration (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>C</mi><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>SPM</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>sat</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>), a semi-analytical algorithm was regionally calibrated using local in-situ data, which improved the accuracy of satellite-derived SPM concentration by ~20% (MRD). Analysis of SPM concentration for two consecutive years (2019, 2020) revealed strong seasonality of SPM in Adventfjorden. Highest estimated SPM concentrations and river plume extent (% of fjord with <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>C</mi><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>SPM</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>sat</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> > 30 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msup><mrow><mrow><mi>mg</mi><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">L</mi></mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) occurred during June, July, and August. Concurrently, we observed a strong relationship between river plume extent and average air temperature over the 24 h prior to the observation (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.69). Considering predicted changes to environmental conditions in the Arctic region, this study highlights the importance of the rapidly changing environmental parameters and the significance of remote sensing in analysing fluxes in light attenuating particles, especially in the coastal Arctic Ocean. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:36:54Z |
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| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:36:54Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-68aa61e9b2904f2eb93f5f308f6550ea2023-11-30T22:23:16ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922022-06-011413312310.3390/rs14133123Spatio-Temporal Variability of Suspended Particulate Matter in a High-Arctic Estuary (Adventfjorden, Svalbard) Using Sentinel-2 Time-SeriesDaniela M. R. Walch0Rakesh K. Singh1Janne E. Søreide2Hugues Lantuit3Amanda Poste4Arctic Biology Department, The University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), P.O. Box 156, 9171 Longyearbyen, NorwayDépartement de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC G5L 3A1, CanadaArctic Biology Department, The University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), P.O. Box 156, 9171 Longyearbyen, NorwayInsititut für Umweltwissenschaften und Geografie, Universität Potsdam, 14461 Potsdam, GermanyNorwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Fram Centre for High North Research, Hjalmar Johansens Gate 14, 9007 Tromsø, NorwayArctic coasts, which feature land-ocean transport of freshwater, sediments, and other terrestrial material, are impacted by climate change, including increased temperatures, melting glaciers, changes in precipitation and runoff. These trends are assumed to affect productivity in fjordic estuaries. However, the spatial extent and temporal variation of the freshwater-driven darkening of fjords remain unresolved. The present study illustrates the spatio-temporal variability of suspended particulate matter (SPM) in the Adventfjorden estuary, Svalbard, using in-situ field campaigns and ocean colour remote sensing (OCRS) via high-resolution Sentinel-2 imagery. To compute SPM concentration (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>C</mi><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>SPM</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>sat</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>), a semi-analytical algorithm was regionally calibrated using local in-situ data, which improved the accuracy of satellite-derived SPM concentration by ~20% (MRD). Analysis of SPM concentration for two consecutive years (2019, 2020) revealed strong seasonality of SPM in Adventfjorden. Highest estimated SPM concentrations and river plume extent (% of fjord with <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>C</mi><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>SPM</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>sat</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> > 30 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msup><mrow><mrow><mi>mg</mi><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">L</mi></mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) occurred during June, July, and August. Concurrently, we observed a strong relationship between river plume extent and average air temperature over the 24 h prior to the observation (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.69). Considering predicted changes to environmental conditions in the Arctic region, this study highlights the importance of the rapidly changing environmental parameters and the significance of remote sensing in analysing fluxes in light attenuating particles, especially in the coastal Arctic Ocean.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/13/3123ocean colourcoastal darkeningSPMsediment plumesArctic coastremote sensing |
| spellingShingle | Daniela M. R. Walch Rakesh K. Singh Janne E. Søreide Hugues Lantuit Amanda Poste Spatio-Temporal Variability of Suspended Particulate Matter in a High-Arctic Estuary (Adventfjorden, Svalbard) Using Sentinel-2 Time-Series Remote Sensing ocean colour coastal darkening SPM sediment plumes Arctic coast remote sensing |
| title | Spatio-Temporal Variability of Suspended Particulate Matter in a High-Arctic Estuary (Adventfjorden, Svalbard) Using Sentinel-2 Time-Series |
| title_full | Spatio-Temporal Variability of Suspended Particulate Matter in a High-Arctic Estuary (Adventfjorden, Svalbard) Using Sentinel-2 Time-Series |
| title_fullStr | Spatio-Temporal Variability of Suspended Particulate Matter in a High-Arctic Estuary (Adventfjorden, Svalbard) Using Sentinel-2 Time-Series |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spatio-Temporal Variability of Suspended Particulate Matter in a High-Arctic Estuary (Adventfjorden, Svalbard) Using Sentinel-2 Time-Series |
| title_short | Spatio-Temporal Variability of Suspended Particulate Matter in a High-Arctic Estuary (Adventfjorden, Svalbard) Using Sentinel-2 Time-Series |
| title_sort | spatio temporal variability of suspended particulate matter in a high arctic estuary adventfjorden svalbard using sentinel 2 time series |
| topic | ocean colour coastal darkening SPM sediment plumes Arctic coast remote sensing |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/13/3123 |
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