Microarray analysis of <it>Shigella flexneri</it>-infected epithelial cells identifies host factors important for apoptosis inhibition
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Shigella flexneri </it>inhibits apoptosis in infected epithelial cells. In order to understand the pro-survival effects induced by the bacteria, we utilized apoptosis-specific microarrays to analyze the changes in euk...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2010-04-01
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| Series: | BMC Genomics |
| Online Access: | http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/11/272 |
| _version_ | 1811250968005705728 |
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| author | Ramaswamy Aishwarya V Dubois Andre Semino-Mora Cristina Merrell D Scott Faherty Christina S Maurelli Anthony T |
| author_facet | Ramaswamy Aishwarya V Dubois Andre Semino-Mora Cristina Merrell D Scott Faherty Christina S Maurelli Anthony T |
| author_sort | Ramaswamy Aishwarya V |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Shigella flexneri </it>inhibits apoptosis in infected epithelial cells. In order to understand the pro-survival effects induced by the bacteria, we utilized apoptosis-specific microarrays to analyze the changes in eukaryotic gene expression in both infected and uninfected cells in the presence and absence of staurosporine, a chemical inducer of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. The goal of this research was to identify host factors that contribute to apoptosis inhibition in infected cells.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The microarray analysis revealed distinct expression profiles in uninfected and infected cells, and these changes were altered in the presence of staurosporine. These profiles allowed us to make comparisons between the treatment groups. Compared to uninfected cells, <it>Shigella-</it>infected epithelial cells, both in the presence and absence of staurosporine, showed significant induced expression of <it>JUN</it>, several members of the inhibitor of apoptosis gene family, nuclear factor κB and related genes, genes involving tumor protein 53 and the retinoblastoma protein, and surprisingly, genes important for the inhibition of the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis. We confirmed the microarray results for a selection of genes using <it>in situ </it>hybridization analysis.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Infection of epithelial cells with <it>S. flexneri </it>induces a pro-survival state in the cell that results in apoptosis inhibition in the presence and absence of staurosporine. The bacteria may target these host factors directly while some induced genes may represent downstream effects due to the presence of the bacteria. Our results indicate that the bacteria block apoptosis at multiple checkpoints along both pathways so that even if a cell fails to prevent apoptosis at an early step, <it>Shigella </it>will block apoptosis at the level of caspase-3. Apoptosis inhibition is most likely vital to the survival of the bacteria <it>in vivo</it>. Future characterization of these host factors is required to fully understand how <it>S. flexneri </it>inhibits apoptosis in epithelial cells.</p> |
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-68bc9b27f89d4285860883797dea9cfd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2164 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T16:12:39Z |
| publishDate | 2010-04-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-68bc9b27f89d4285860883797dea9cfd2022-12-22T03:25:50ZengBMCBMC Genomics1471-21642010-04-0111127210.1186/1471-2164-11-272Microarray analysis of <it>Shigella flexneri</it>-infected epithelial cells identifies host factors important for apoptosis inhibitionRamaswamy Aishwarya VDubois AndreSemino-Mora CristinaMerrell D ScottFaherty Christina SMaurelli Anthony T<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Shigella flexneri </it>inhibits apoptosis in infected epithelial cells. In order to understand the pro-survival effects induced by the bacteria, we utilized apoptosis-specific microarrays to analyze the changes in eukaryotic gene expression in both infected and uninfected cells in the presence and absence of staurosporine, a chemical inducer of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. The goal of this research was to identify host factors that contribute to apoptosis inhibition in infected cells.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The microarray analysis revealed distinct expression profiles in uninfected and infected cells, and these changes were altered in the presence of staurosporine. These profiles allowed us to make comparisons between the treatment groups. Compared to uninfected cells, <it>Shigella-</it>infected epithelial cells, both in the presence and absence of staurosporine, showed significant induced expression of <it>JUN</it>, several members of the inhibitor of apoptosis gene family, nuclear factor κB and related genes, genes involving tumor protein 53 and the retinoblastoma protein, and surprisingly, genes important for the inhibition of the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis. We confirmed the microarray results for a selection of genes using <it>in situ </it>hybridization analysis.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Infection of epithelial cells with <it>S. flexneri </it>induces a pro-survival state in the cell that results in apoptosis inhibition in the presence and absence of staurosporine. The bacteria may target these host factors directly while some induced genes may represent downstream effects due to the presence of the bacteria. Our results indicate that the bacteria block apoptosis at multiple checkpoints along both pathways so that even if a cell fails to prevent apoptosis at an early step, <it>Shigella </it>will block apoptosis at the level of caspase-3. Apoptosis inhibition is most likely vital to the survival of the bacteria <it>in vivo</it>. Future characterization of these host factors is required to fully understand how <it>S. flexneri </it>inhibits apoptosis in epithelial cells.</p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/11/272 |
| spellingShingle | Ramaswamy Aishwarya V Dubois Andre Semino-Mora Cristina Merrell D Scott Faherty Christina S Maurelli Anthony T Microarray analysis of <it>Shigella flexneri</it>-infected epithelial cells identifies host factors important for apoptosis inhibition BMC Genomics |
| title | Microarray analysis of <it>Shigella flexneri</it>-infected epithelial cells identifies host factors important for apoptosis inhibition |
| title_full | Microarray analysis of <it>Shigella flexneri</it>-infected epithelial cells identifies host factors important for apoptosis inhibition |
| title_fullStr | Microarray analysis of <it>Shigella flexneri</it>-infected epithelial cells identifies host factors important for apoptosis inhibition |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microarray analysis of <it>Shigella flexneri</it>-infected epithelial cells identifies host factors important for apoptosis inhibition |
| title_short | Microarray analysis of <it>Shigella flexneri</it>-infected epithelial cells identifies host factors important for apoptosis inhibition |
| title_sort | microarray analysis of it shigella flexneri it infected epithelial cells identifies host factors important for apoptosis inhibition |
| url | http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/11/272 |
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