Efficacies and Second-Year Effects of SPLAT GM™ and SPLAT GM™ Organic Formulations
Mating disruption is the primary control tactic used against the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) under the gypsy moth Slow the Spread (STS) program. In this paper, we present the results of the multiyear study designed to evaluate a new liquid SPLAT GM™ (ISCA Tech, Rive...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2014-12-01
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| Series: | Insects |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/6/1/1 |
| _version_ | 1811310234894860288 |
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| author | Ksenia S. Onufrieva Andrea D. Hickman Donna S. Leonard Patrick C. Tobin |
| author_facet | Ksenia S. Onufrieva Andrea D. Hickman Donna S. Leonard Patrick C. Tobin |
| author_sort | Ksenia S. Onufrieva |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Mating disruption is the primary control tactic used against the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) under the gypsy moth Slow the Spread (STS) program. In this paper, we present the results of the multiyear study designed to evaluate a new liquid SPLAT GM™ (ISCA Tech, Riverside, CA, USA) Organic formulation, which is approved by the USDA to meet National Organic Program Standards for use in organic certified farms, for its ability to disrupt gypsy moth mating, and to evaluate the environmental persistence of SPLAT GM™ and SPLAT GM™ Organic formulations. Environmental persistence of the pheromone beyond the year of application is a significant concern since STS relies on trap catch data to evaluate treatment success. The study was conducted in 2007–2012 in forested areas in Virginia and Wisconsin, USA. We observed that SPLAT GM™ Organic reduced gypsy moth trap catch by ≥90% for 10 weeks in a similar manner as SPLAT GM™ and Hercon Disrupt® II (Hercon Environmental, Emigsville, PA, USA). Although we observed persistent effects in all products one year after application, the persistence observed in SPLAT GM™ and SPLAT GM™ Organic was significantly lower than that of Hercon Disrupt® II plastic laminated flakes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T09:55:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-68c7315443d94220938a21e3e0f3ed2e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4450 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T09:55:33Z |
| publishDate | 2014-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Insects |
| spelling | doaj.art-68c7315443d94220938a21e3e0f3ed2e2022-12-22T02:51:25ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502014-12-016111210.3390/insects6010001insects6010001Efficacies and Second-Year Effects of SPLAT GM™ and SPLAT GM™ Organic FormulationsKsenia S. Onufrieva0Andrea D. Hickman1Donna S. Leonard2Patrick C. Tobin3Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USADepartment of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USAForest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Health Protection, Asheville, NC 28802, USASchool of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USAMating disruption is the primary control tactic used against the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) under the gypsy moth Slow the Spread (STS) program. In this paper, we present the results of the multiyear study designed to evaluate a new liquid SPLAT GM™ (ISCA Tech, Riverside, CA, USA) Organic formulation, which is approved by the USDA to meet National Organic Program Standards for use in organic certified farms, for its ability to disrupt gypsy moth mating, and to evaluate the environmental persistence of SPLAT GM™ and SPLAT GM™ Organic formulations. Environmental persistence of the pheromone beyond the year of application is a significant concern since STS relies on trap catch data to evaluate treatment success. The study was conducted in 2007–2012 in forested areas in Virginia and Wisconsin, USA. We observed that SPLAT GM™ Organic reduced gypsy moth trap catch by ≥90% for 10 weeks in a similar manner as SPLAT GM™ and Hercon Disrupt® II (Hercon Environmental, Emigsville, PA, USA). Although we observed persistent effects in all products one year after application, the persistence observed in SPLAT GM™ and SPLAT GM™ Organic was significantly lower than that of Hercon Disrupt® II plastic laminated flakes.http://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/6/1/1gypsy mothpheromonedisparlurepersistencesecond-year effect |
| spellingShingle | Ksenia S. Onufrieva Andrea D. Hickman Donna S. Leonard Patrick C. Tobin Efficacies and Second-Year Effects of SPLAT GM™ and SPLAT GM™ Organic Formulations Insects gypsy moth pheromone disparlure persistence second-year effect |
| title | Efficacies and Second-Year Effects of SPLAT GM™ and SPLAT GM™ Organic Formulations |
| title_full | Efficacies and Second-Year Effects of SPLAT GM™ and SPLAT GM™ Organic Formulations |
| title_fullStr | Efficacies and Second-Year Effects of SPLAT GM™ and SPLAT GM™ Organic Formulations |
| title_full_unstemmed | Efficacies and Second-Year Effects of SPLAT GM™ and SPLAT GM™ Organic Formulations |
| title_short | Efficacies and Second-Year Effects of SPLAT GM™ and SPLAT GM™ Organic Formulations |
| title_sort | efficacies and second year effects of splat gm™ and splat gm™ organic formulations |
| topic | gypsy moth pheromone disparlure persistence second-year effect |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/6/1/1 |
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