The long-term effectiveness of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis
Abstract Background: Although multiple studies revealed high vaccine effectiveness of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines within 3 months after the completion of vaccines, long-term vaccine effectiveness has not been well established, especially after the δ (delta) variant became prominen...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Cambridge University Press
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Antimicrobial Stewardship & Healthcare Epidemiology |
| Online Access: | https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S2732494X21002618/type/journal_article |
| _version_ | 1811157163392892928 |
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| author | Alexandre R. Marra Takaaki Kobayashi Hiroyuki Suzuki Mohammed Alsuhaibani Marin L. Schweizer Daniel J. Diekema Bruna Marques Tofaneto Luigi Makowski Bariani Mariana de Amorim Auler Jorge L. Salinas Michael B. Edmond João Renato Rebello Pinho Luiz Vicente Rizzo |
| author_facet | Alexandre R. Marra Takaaki Kobayashi Hiroyuki Suzuki Mohammed Alsuhaibani Marin L. Schweizer Daniel J. Diekema Bruna Marques Tofaneto Luigi Makowski Bariani Mariana de Amorim Auler Jorge L. Salinas Michael B. Edmond João Renato Rebello Pinho Luiz Vicente Rizzo |
| author_sort | Alexandre R. Marra |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description |
Abstract
Background:
Although multiple studies revealed high vaccine effectiveness of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines within 3 months after the completion of vaccines, long-term vaccine effectiveness has not been well established, especially after the δ (delta) variant became prominent. We performed a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of long-term vaccine effectiveness.
Methods:
We searched PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, and Web of Science from December 2019 to November 15, 2021, for studies evaluating the long-term vaccine effectiveness against laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 or COVID-19 hospitalization among individuals who received 2 doses of Pfizer/BioNTech, Moderna, or AstraZeneca vaccines, or 1 dose of the Janssen vaccine. Long-term was defined as >5 months after the last dose. We calculated the pooled diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) with 95% confidence interval for COVID-19 between vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals. Vaccine effectiveness was estimated as 100% × (1 − DOR).
Results:
In total, 16 studies including 17,939,172 individuals evaluated long-term vaccine effectiveness and were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled DOR for COVID-19 was 0.158 (95% CI: 0.157-0.160) with an estimated vaccine effectiveness of 84.2% (95% CI, 84.0- 84.3%). Estimated vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 hospitalization was 88.7% (95% CI, 55.8%–97.1%). Vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 during the δ variant period was 61.2% (95% CI, 59.0%–63.3%).
Conclusions:
COVID-19 vaccines are effective in preventing COVID-19 and COVID-19 hospitalization across a long-term period for the circulating variants during the study period. More observational studies are needed to evaluate the vaccine effectiveness of third dose of a COVID-19 vaccine, the vaccine effectiveness of mixing COVID-19 vaccines, COVID-19 breakthrough infection, and vaccine effectiveness against newly emerging variants.
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| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T05:02:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-68cf87019e624179aa008d60b2ae23ff |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2732-494X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T05:02:25Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | Cambridge University Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antimicrobial Stewardship & Healthcare Epidemiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-68cf87019e624179aa008d60b2ae23ff2023-03-09T12:28:16ZengCambridge University PressAntimicrobial Stewardship & Healthcare Epidemiology2732-494X2022-01-01210.1017/ash.2021.261The long-term effectiveness of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines: A systematic literature review and meta-analysisAlexandre R. Marra0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7577-7688Takaaki Kobayashi1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4751-6859Hiroyuki Suzuki2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5953-3704Mohammed Alsuhaibani3Marin L. Schweizer4Daniel J. Diekema5Bruna Marques Tofaneto6Luigi Makowski Bariani7Mariana de Amorim Auler8Jorge L. Salinas9Michael B. Edmond10João Renato Rebello Pinho11Luiz Vicente Rizzo12Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil Center for Access & Delivery Research & Evaluation (CADRE), Iowa City Veterans’ Affairs Health Care System, Iowa City, Iowa, United StatesDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United StatesDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States Center for Access & Delivery Research & Evaluation (CADRE), Iowa City Veterans’ Affairs Health Care System, Iowa City, Iowa, United StatesDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States Center for Access & Delivery Research & Evaluation (CADRE), Iowa City Veterans’ Affairs Health Care System, Iowa City, Iowa, United StatesDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United StatesAlbert Einstein Medical College, São Paulo, BrazilAlbert Einstein Medical College, São Paulo, BrazilAlbert Einstein Medical College, São Paulo, BrazilStanford University, Stanford, California, United StatesWest Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United StatesResearch and Development Sector, Clinical Laboratory, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, BrazilInstituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil Abstract Background: Although multiple studies revealed high vaccine effectiveness of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines within 3 months after the completion of vaccines, long-term vaccine effectiveness has not been well established, especially after the δ (delta) variant became prominent. We performed a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of long-term vaccine effectiveness. Methods: We searched PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, and Web of Science from December 2019 to November 15, 2021, for studies evaluating the long-term vaccine effectiveness against laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 or COVID-19 hospitalization among individuals who received 2 doses of Pfizer/BioNTech, Moderna, or AstraZeneca vaccines, or 1 dose of the Janssen vaccine. Long-term was defined as >5 months after the last dose. We calculated the pooled diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) with 95% confidence interval for COVID-19 between vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals. Vaccine effectiveness was estimated as 100% × (1 − DOR). Results: In total, 16 studies including 17,939,172 individuals evaluated long-term vaccine effectiveness and were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled DOR for COVID-19 was 0.158 (95% CI: 0.157-0.160) with an estimated vaccine effectiveness of 84.2% (95% CI, 84.0- 84.3%). Estimated vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 hospitalization was 88.7% (95% CI, 55.8%–97.1%). Vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 during the δ variant period was 61.2% (95% CI, 59.0%–63.3%). Conclusions: COVID-19 vaccines are effective in preventing COVID-19 and COVID-19 hospitalization across a long-term period for the circulating variants during the study period. More observational studies are needed to evaluate the vaccine effectiveness of third dose of a COVID-19 vaccine, the vaccine effectiveness of mixing COVID-19 vaccines, COVID-19 breakthrough infection, and vaccine effectiveness against newly emerging variants. https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S2732494X21002618/type/journal_article |
| spellingShingle | Alexandre R. Marra Takaaki Kobayashi Hiroyuki Suzuki Mohammed Alsuhaibani Marin L. Schweizer Daniel J. Diekema Bruna Marques Tofaneto Luigi Makowski Bariani Mariana de Amorim Auler Jorge L. Salinas Michael B. Edmond João Renato Rebello Pinho Luiz Vicente Rizzo The long-term effectiveness of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis Antimicrobial Stewardship & Healthcare Epidemiology |
| title | The long-term effectiveness of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis |
| title_full | The long-term effectiveness of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis |
| title_fullStr | The long-term effectiveness of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | The long-term effectiveness of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis |
| title_short | The long-term effectiveness of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis |
| title_sort | long term effectiveness of coronavirus disease 2019 covid 19 vaccines a systematic literature review and meta analysis |
| url | https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S2732494X21002618/type/journal_article |
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