Polymyxin Resistance in <i>Salmonella</i>: Exploring Mutations and Genetic Determinants of Non-Human Isolates
Until 2015, polymyxin resistance was primarily attributed to chromosomal mutations. However, with the first report of mobile colistin resistance (<i>mcr-1</i>) in commensal <i>Escherichia coli</i> from food animals in China, the landscape has changed. To evaluate the presence...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-01-01
|
| Series: | Antibiotics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/13/2/110 |
| _version_ | 1797299093218787328 |
|---|---|
| author | Thais Vieira Carla Adriana Dos Santos Amanda Maria de Jesus Bertani Gisele Lozano Costa Karoline Rodrigues Campos Cláudio Tavares Sacchi Marcos Paulo Vieira Cunha Eneas Carvalho Alef Janguas da Costa Jacqueline Boldrin de Paiva Marcela da Silva Rubio Carlos Henrique Camargo Monique Ribeiro Tiba-Casas |
| author_facet | Thais Vieira Carla Adriana Dos Santos Amanda Maria de Jesus Bertani Gisele Lozano Costa Karoline Rodrigues Campos Cláudio Tavares Sacchi Marcos Paulo Vieira Cunha Eneas Carvalho Alef Janguas da Costa Jacqueline Boldrin de Paiva Marcela da Silva Rubio Carlos Henrique Camargo Monique Ribeiro Tiba-Casas |
| author_sort | Thais Vieira |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Until 2015, polymyxin resistance was primarily attributed to chromosomal mutations. However, with the first report of mobile colistin resistance (<i>mcr-1</i>) in commensal <i>Escherichia coli</i> from food animals in China, the landscape has changed. To evaluate the presence of polymyxin resistance in <i>Salmonella</i> spp., a drop screening test for colistin and polymyxin B was carried out on 1156 isolates of non-human origin (animals, food, and the environment), received in Brazil, between 2016 and 2021. Subsequently, 210 isolates with resistant results in the drop test were subjected to the gold-standard test (broth microdilution) for both colistin and polymyxin B. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of 102 resistant isolates was performed for a comprehensive analysis of associated genes. Surprisingly, none of the isolates resistant to colistin in the drop test harbored any of the <i>mcr</i> variants (<i>mcr-1</i> to <i>mcr-10</i>). WGS identified that the most common mutations were found in <i>pmrA</i> (n= 22; T89S) and <i>pmrB</i> (n = 24; M15T, G73S, V74I, I83A, A111V). Other resistance determinants were also detected, such as the <i>aac</i>(<i>6</i>′)-<i>Iaa</i> gene in 72 isolates, while others carried beta-lactamase genes (<i>bla</i><sub>TEM-1</sub> <i>bla</i><sub>CTX-M-2</sub>, <i>bla</i><sub>CMY-2</sub>). Additionally, genes associated with fluoroquinolone resistance (<i>qnrB19</i>, <i>qnrS1</i>, <i>oqxA/B</i>) were detected in 11 isolates. Colistin and polymyxin B resistance were identified among <i>Salmonella</i> from non-human sources, but not associated with the <i>mcr</i> genes. Furthermore, the already-described mutations associated with polymyxin resistance were detected in only a small number of isolates, underscoring the need to explore and characterize unknown genes that contribute to resistance. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:45:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-68d0370e608f483caf393194faa44cef |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6382 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:45:37Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antibiotics |
| spelling | doaj.art-68d0370e608f483caf393194faa44cef2024-02-23T15:04:57ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822024-01-0113211010.3390/antibiotics13020110Polymyxin Resistance in <i>Salmonella</i>: Exploring Mutations and Genetic Determinants of Non-Human IsolatesThais Vieira0Carla Adriana Dos Santos1Amanda Maria de Jesus Bertani2Gisele Lozano Costa3Karoline Rodrigues Campos4Cláudio Tavares Sacchi5Marcos Paulo Vieira Cunha6Eneas Carvalho7Alef Janguas da Costa8Jacqueline Boldrin de Paiva9Marcela da Silva Rubio10Carlos Henrique Camargo11Monique Ribeiro Tiba-Casas12Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo 01246-000, SP, BrazilAdolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo 01246-000, SP, BrazilAdolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo 01246-000, SP, BrazilAdolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo 01246-000, SP, BrazilAdolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo 01246-000, SP, BrazilAdolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo 01246-000, SP, BrazilSchool of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, SP, BrazilButantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, SP, BrazilButantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, SP, BrazilR&D Department BioCamp Laboratories, Campinas 13082-020, SP, BrazilSchool of Agriculture and Veterinarian Sciences, University of the State of São Paulo, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, BrazilAdolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo 01246-000, SP, BrazilAdolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo 01246-000, SP, BrazilUntil 2015, polymyxin resistance was primarily attributed to chromosomal mutations. However, with the first report of mobile colistin resistance (<i>mcr-1</i>) in commensal <i>Escherichia coli</i> from food animals in China, the landscape has changed. To evaluate the presence of polymyxin resistance in <i>Salmonella</i> spp., a drop screening test for colistin and polymyxin B was carried out on 1156 isolates of non-human origin (animals, food, and the environment), received in Brazil, between 2016 and 2021. Subsequently, 210 isolates with resistant results in the drop test were subjected to the gold-standard test (broth microdilution) for both colistin and polymyxin B. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of 102 resistant isolates was performed for a comprehensive analysis of associated genes. Surprisingly, none of the isolates resistant to colistin in the drop test harbored any of the <i>mcr</i> variants (<i>mcr-1</i> to <i>mcr-10</i>). WGS identified that the most common mutations were found in <i>pmrA</i> (n= 22; T89S) and <i>pmrB</i> (n = 24; M15T, G73S, V74I, I83A, A111V). Other resistance determinants were also detected, such as the <i>aac</i>(<i>6</i>′)-<i>Iaa</i> gene in 72 isolates, while others carried beta-lactamase genes (<i>bla</i><sub>TEM-1</sub> <i>bla</i><sub>CTX-M-2</sub>, <i>bla</i><sub>CMY-2</sub>). Additionally, genes associated with fluoroquinolone resistance (<i>qnrB19</i>, <i>qnrS1</i>, <i>oqxA/B</i>) were detected in 11 isolates. Colistin and polymyxin B resistance were identified among <i>Salmonella</i> from non-human sources, but not associated with the <i>mcr</i> genes. Furthermore, the already-described mutations associated with polymyxin resistance were detected in only a small number of isolates, underscoring the need to explore and characterize unknown genes that contribute to resistance.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/13/2/110<i>Salmonella</i> spp.polymyxincolistinantimicrobial resistance |
| spellingShingle | Thais Vieira Carla Adriana Dos Santos Amanda Maria de Jesus Bertani Gisele Lozano Costa Karoline Rodrigues Campos Cláudio Tavares Sacchi Marcos Paulo Vieira Cunha Eneas Carvalho Alef Janguas da Costa Jacqueline Boldrin de Paiva Marcela da Silva Rubio Carlos Henrique Camargo Monique Ribeiro Tiba-Casas Polymyxin Resistance in <i>Salmonella</i>: Exploring Mutations and Genetic Determinants of Non-Human Isolates Antibiotics <i>Salmonella</i> spp. polymyxin colistin antimicrobial resistance |
| title | Polymyxin Resistance in <i>Salmonella</i>: Exploring Mutations and Genetic Determinants of Non-Human Isolates |
| title_full | Polymyxin Resistance in <i>Salmonella</i>: Exploring Mutations and Genetic Determinants of Non-Human Isolates |
| title_fullStr | Polymyxin Resistance in <i>Salmonella</i>: Exploring Mutations and Genetic Determinants of Non-Human Isolates |
| title_full_unstemmed | Polymyxin Resistance in <i>Salmonella</i>: Exploring Mutations and Genetic Determinants of Non-Human Isolates |
| title_short | Polymyxin Resistance in <i>Salmonella</i>: Exploring Mutations and Genetic Determinants of Non-Human Isolates |
| title_sort | polymyxin resistance in i salmonella i exploring mutations and genetic determinants of non human isolates |
| topic | <i>Salmonella</i> spp. polymyxin colistin antimicrobial resistance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/13/2/110 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT thaisvieira polymyxinresistanceinisalmonellaiexploringmutationsandgeneticdeterminantsofnonhumanisolates AT carlaadrianadossantos polymyxinresistanceinisalmonellaiexploringmutationsandgeneticdeterminantsofnonhumanisolates AT amandamariadejesusbertani polymyxinresistanceinisalmonellaiexploringmutationsandgeneticdeterminantsofnonhumanisolates AT giselelozanocosta polymyxinresistanceinisalmonellaiexploringmutationsandgeneticdeterminantsofnonhumanisolates AT karolinerodriguescampos polymyxinresistanceinisalmonellaiexploringmutationsandgeneticdeterminantsofnonhumanisolates AT claudiotavaressacchi polymyxinresistanceinisalmonellaiexploringmutationsandgeneticdeterminantsofnonhumanisolates AT marcospaulovieiracunha polymyxinresistanceinisalmonellaiexploringmutationsandgeneticdeterminantsofnonhumanisolates AT eneascarvalho polymyxinresistanceinisalmonellaiexploringmutationsandgeneticdeterminantsofnonhumanisolates AT alefjanguasdacosta polymyxinresistanceinisalmonellaiexploringmutationsandgeneticdeterminantsofnonhumanisolates AT jacquelineboldrindepaiva polymyxinresistanceinisalmonellaiexploringmutationsandgeneticdeterminantsofnonhumanisolates AT marceladasilvarubio polymyxinresistanceinisalmonellaiexploringmutationsandgeneticdeterminantsofnonhumanisolates AT carloshenriquecamargo polymyxinresistanceinisalmonellaiexploringmutationsandgeneticdeterminantsofnonhumanisolates AT moniqueribeirotibacasas polymyxinresistanceinisalmonellaiexploringmutationsandgeneticdeterminantsofnonhumanisolates |