Effect of Synthesis Process, Synthesis Temperature, and Reaction Time on Chemical, Morphological, and Quantum Properties of Carbon Dots Derived from Loblolly Pine
In this study, carbon dots are synthesized hydrothermally from loblolly pine using top-down and bottom-up processes. The bottom-up process dialyzed carbon dots from hydrothermally treated process liquid. Meanwhile, hydrochar was oxidized into carbon dots in the top-down method. Carbon dots from top-...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-10-01
|
| Series: | Biomass |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-8783/2/4/17 |
| _version_ | 1797461353193013248 |
|---|---|
| author | Thomas Quaid Vahab Ghalandari Toufiq Reza |
| author_facet | Thomas Quaid Vahab Ghalandari Toufiq Reza |
| author_sort | Thomas Quaid |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, carbon dots are synthesized hydrothermally from loblolly pine using top-down and bottom-up processes. The bottom-up process dialyzed carbon dots from hydrothermally treated process liquid. Meanwhile, hydrochar was oxidized into carbon dots in the top-down method. Carbon dots from top-down and bottom-up processes were compared for their yield, size, functionality, and quantum properties. Furthermore, hydrothermal treatment temperature and residence time were evaluated on the aforementioned properties of carbon dots. The results indicate that the top-down method yields higher carbon dots than bottom-up in any given hydrothermal treatment temperature and residence time. The size of the carbon dots decreases with the increase in reaction time; however, the size remains similar with the increase in hydrothermal treatment temperature. Regarding quantum yield, the carbon dots from the top-down method exhibit higher quantum yields than bottom-up carbon dots where the quantum yield reaches as high as 48%. The only exception of the bottom-up method is the carbon dots prepared at a high hydrothermal treatment temperature (i.e., 260 °C), where relatively higher quantum yield (up to 18.1%) was observed for the shorter reaction time. Overall, this study reveals that the properties of lignocellulosic biomass-derived carbon dots differ with the synthesis process as well as the processing parameters. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:18:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-68eda2c4384643c1a7c509b600f5ad7d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2673-8783 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:18:13Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomass |
| spelling | doaj.art-68eda2c4384643c1a7c509b600f5ad7d2023-11-24T13:24:46ZengMDPI AGBiomass2673-87832022-10-012425026310.3390/biomass2040017Effect of Synthesis Process, Synthesis Temperature, and Reaction Time on Chemical, Morphological, and Quantum Properties of Carbon Dots Derived from Loblolly PineThomas Quaid0Vahab Ghalandari1Toufiq Reza2Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne, FL 32901, USADepartment of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne, FL 32901, USADepartment of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne, FL 32901, USAIn this study, carbon dots are synthesized hydrothermally from loblolly pine using top-down and bottom-up processes. The bottom-up process dialyzed carbon dots from hydrothermally treated process liquid. Meanwhile, hydrochar was oxidized into carbon dots in the top-down method. Carbon dots from top-down and bottom-up processes were compared for their yield, size, functionality, and quantum properties. Furthermore, hydrothermal treatment temperature and residence time were evaluated on the aforementioned properties of carbon dots. The results indicate that the top-down method yields higher carbon dots than bottom-up in any given hydrothermal treatment temperature and residence time. The size of the carbon dots decreases with the increase in reaction time; however, the size remains similar with the increase in hydrothermal treatment temperature. Regarding quantum yield, the carbon dots from the top-down method exhibit higher quantum yields than bottom-up carbon dots where the quantum yield reaches as high as 48%. The only exception of the bottom-up method is the carbon dots prepared at a high hydrothermal treatment temperature (i.e., 260 °C), where relatively higher quantum yield (up to 18.1%) was observed for the shorter reaction time. Overall, this study reveals that the properties of lignocellulosic biomass-derived carbon dots differ with the synthesis process as well as the processing parameters.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-8783/2/4/17carbon dotslignocellulosic biomasshydrothermal synthesistop-downbottom-upquantum yield |
| spellingShingle | Thomas Quaid Vahab Ghalandari Toufiq Reza Effect of Synthesis Process, Synthesis Temperature, and Reaction Time on Chemical, Morphological, and Quantum Properties of Carbon Dots Derived from Loblolly Pine Biomass carbon dots lignocellulosic biomass hydrothermal synthesis top-down bottom-up quantum yield |
| title | Effect of Synthesis Process, Synthesis Temperature, and Reaction Time on Chemical, Morphological, and Quantum Properties of Carbon Dots Derived from Loblolly Pine |
| title_full | Effect of Synthesis Process, Synthesis Temperature, and Reaction Time on Chemical, Morphological, and Quantum Properties of Carbon Dots Derived from Loblolly Pine |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Synthesis Process, Synthesis Temperature, and Reaction Time on Chemical, Morphological, and Quantum Properties of Carbon Dots Derived from Loblolly Pine |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Synthesis Process, Synthesis Temperature, and Reaction Time on Chemical, Morphological, and Quantum Properties of Carbon Dots Derived from Loblolly Pine |
| title_short | Effect of Synthesis Process, Synthesis Temperature, and Reaction Time on Chemical, Morphological, and Quantum Properties of Carbon Dots Derived from Loblolly Pine |
| title_sort | effect of synthesis process synthesis temperature and reaction time on chemical morphological and quantum properties of carbon dots derived from loblolly pine |
| topic | carbon dots lignocellulosic biomass hydrothermal synthesis top-down bottom-up quantum yield |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-8783/2/4/17 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT thomasquaid effectofsynthesisprocesssynthesistemperatureandreactiontimeonchemicalmorphologicalandquantumpropertiesofcarbondotsderivedfromloblollypine AT vahabghalandari effectofsynthesisprocesssynthesistemperatureandreactiontimeonchemicalmorphologicalandquantumpropertiesofcarbondotsderivedfromloblollypine AT toufiqreza effectofsynthesisprocesssynthesistemperatureandreactiontimeonchemicalmorphologicalandquantumpropertiesofcarbondotsderivedfromloblollypine |