Present and Future Salmonid Cytogenetics
Salmonids are extremely important economically and scientifically; therefore, dynamic developments in their research have occurred and will continue occurring in the future. At the same time, their complex phylogeny and taxonomy are challenging for traditional approaches in research. Here, we first...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Genes |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/11/12/1462 |
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| author | Muhammet Gaffaroglu Zuzana Majtánová Radka Symonová Šárka Pelikánová Sevgi Unal Zdeněk Lajbner Petr Ráb |
| author_facet | Muhammet Gaffaroglu Zuzana Majtánová Radka Symonová Šárka Pelikánová Sevgi Unal Zdeněk Lajbner Petr Ráb |
| author_sort | Muhammet Gaffaroglu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Salmonids are extremely important economically and scientifically; therefore, dynamic developments in their research have occurred and will continue occurring in the future. At the same time, their complex phylogeny and taxonomy are challenging for traditional approaches in research. Here, we first provide discoveries regarding the hitherto completely unknown cytogenetic characteristics of the Anatolian endemic flathead trout, <i>Salmo platycephalus</i>, and summarize the presently known, albeit highly complicated, situation in the genus <i>Salmo</i>. Secondly, by outlining future directions of salmonid cytogenomics, we have produced a prototypical virtual karyotype of <i>Salmo trutta</i>, the closest relative of <i>S. platycephalus</i>. This production is now possible thanks to the high-quality genome assembled to the chromosome level in <i>S. trutta</i> via soft-masking, including a direct labelling of repetitive sequences along the chromosome sequence. Repetitive sequences were crucial for traditional fish cytogenetics and hence should also be utilized in fish cytogenomics. As such virtual karyotypes become increasingly available in the very near future, it is necessary to integrate both present and future approaches to maximize their respective benefits. Finally, we show how the presumably repetitive sequences in salmonids can change the understanding of the overall relationship between genome size and G+C content, creating another outstanding question in salmonid cytogenomics waiting to be resolved. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:00:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-68ee2662a7074c24bc0f54bfccc6ae90 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:00:10Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Genes |
| spelling | doaj.art-68ee2662a7074c24bc0f54bfccc6ae902023-12-03T12:09:40ZengMDPI AGGenes2073-44252020-12-011112146210.3390/genes11121462Present and Future Salmonid CytogeneticsMuhammet Gaffaroglu0Zuzana Majtánová1Radka Symonová2Šárka Pelikánová3Sevgi Unal4Zdeněk Lajbner5Petr Ráb6Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of Ahi Evran, Kirsehir 40200, TurkeyLaboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 27721 Liběchov, Czech RepublicDepartment of Bioinformatics, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, GermanyLaboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 27721 Liběchov, Czech RepublicDepartment of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Bartin University, Bartin 74000, TurkeyPhysics and Biology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa 904 0495, JapanLaboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 27721 Liběchov, Czech RepublicSalmonids are extremely important economically and scientifically; therefore, dynamic developments in their research have occurred and will continue occurring in the future. At the same time, their complex phylogeny and taxonomy are challenging for traditional approaches in research. Here, we first provide discoveries regarding the hitherto completely unknown cytogenetic characteristics of the Anatolian endemic flathead trout, <i>Salmo platycephalus</i>, and summarize the presently known, albeit highly complicated, situation in the genus <i>Salmo</i>. Secondly, by outlining future directions of salmonid cytogenomics, we have produced a prototypical virtual karyotype of <i>Salmo trutta</i>, the closest relative of <i>S. platycephalus</i>. This production is now possible thanks to the high-quality genome assembled to the chromosome level in <i>S. trutta</i> via soft-masking, including a direct labelling of repetitive sequences along the chromosome sequence. Repetitive sequences were crucial for traditional fish cytogenetics and hence should also be utilized in fish cytogenomics. As such virtual karyotypes become increasingly available in the very near future, it is necessary to integrate both present and future approaches to maximize their respective benefits. Finally, we show how the presumably repetitive sequences in salmonids can change the understanding of the overall relationship between genome size and G+C content, creating another outstanding question in salmonid cytogenomics waiting to be resolved.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/11/12/1462chromosome bandingcytotaxonomy of troutFISHNOR phenotyperDNA<i>Salmo platycephalus</i> |
| spellingShingle | Muhammet Gaffaroglu Zuzana Majtánová Radka Symonová Šárka Pelikánová Sevgi Unal Zdeněk Lajbner Petr Ráb Present and Future Salmonid Cytogenetics Genes chromosome banding cytotaxonomy of trout FISH NOR phenotype rDNA <i>Salmo platycephalus</i> |
| title | Present and Future Salmonid Cytogenetics |
| title_full | Present and Future Salmonid Cytogenetics |
| title_fullStr | Present and Future Salmonid Cytogenetics |
| title_full_unstemmed | Present and Future Salmonid Cytogenetics |
| title_short | Present and Future Salmonid Cytogenetics |
| title_sort | present and future salmonid cytogenetics |
| topic | chromosome banding cytotaxonomy of trout FISH NOR phenotype rDNA <i>Salmo platycephalus</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/11/12/1462 |
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