Mild Amnestic Cognitive Impairment and Depressive Symptoms in Autoimmune Encephalitis Associated with Serum Anti-Neurexin-3α Autoantibodies
(1) Background: autoimmune encephalitis associated with neurexin-3α antibodies is a seldom reported disease entity often accompanied by a severe clinical neuropsychiatric syndrome. (2) Method: we report on the case of a 58-year-old man diagnosed with neurexin-3α-associated autoimmune encephalitis re...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-05-01
|
| Series: | Brain Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/11/6/673 |
| _version_ | 1827691919882321920 |
|---|---|
| author | Niels Hansen Claudia Lange Fabian Maass Lina Hassoun Caroline Bouter Winfried Stöcker Björn Hendrik Schott Jens Wiltfang Dirk Fitzner |
| author_facet | Niels Hansen Claudia Lange Fabian Maass Lina Hassoun Caroline Bouter Winfried Stöcker Björn Hendrik Schott Jens Wiltfang Dirk Fitzner |
| author_sort | Niels Hansen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | (1) Background: autoimmune encephalitis associated with neurexin-3α antibodies is a seldom reported disease entity often accompanied by a severe clinical neuropsychiatric syndrome. (2) Method: we report on the case of a 58-year-old man diagnosed with neurexin-3α-associated autoimmune encephalitis revealing cognitive decline and depression before the proof of neurexin-3α antibodies. He underwent neuropsychological testing, peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid analysis, neuroimaging and electroencephalography. (3) Results: our patient’s main clinical feature was amnestic cognitive decline in combination with depressive symptoms. CSF analysis showed elevated phosphorylated tau protein 181 and positive proof of serum neurexin-3α antibodies in a cell-based assay. An 18F-FDG-PET/CT of the brain initially showed bilateral cerebral hypometabolism prefrontal and parietal, which was absent in follow up. The brain MRI was unremarkable. EEG recordings showed frontotemporal slowing in the theta and delta range. (4) Conclusions: taken together, we assumed autoimmune encephalitis associated with serum neurexin-3α antibodies. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to report on a predominantly mild clinical manifestation entailing amnestic mild cognitive impairment in addition to depression, thus broadening the clinical spectrum associated with neurexin-3α antibodies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:11:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-68ee48e96f0145908f8751a7723c39f4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:11:17Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Brain Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-68ee48e96f0145908f8751a7723c39f42023-11-21T20:46:08ZengMDPI AGBrain Sciences2076-34252021-05-0111667310.3390/brainsci11060673Mild Amnestic Cognitive Impairment and Depressive Symptoms in Autoimmune Encephalitis Associated with Serum Anti-Neurexin-3α AutoantibodiesNiels Hansen0Claudia Lange1Fabian Maass2Lina Hassoun3Caroline Bouter4Winfried Stöcker5Björn Hendrik Schott6Jens Wiltfang7Dirk Fitzner8Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Goettingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075 Goettingen, GermanyDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Goettingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075 Goettingen, GermanyDepartment of Neurology, University Medical Center of Goettingen, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075 Goettingen, GermanyDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Goettingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075 Goettingen, GermanyDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center of Goettingen, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075 Goettingen, GermanyEuroimmun Reference Laboratory, Seekamp 31, 23650 Luebeck, GermanyDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Goettingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075 Goettingen, GermanyDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Goettingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075 Goettingen, GermanyDepartment of Neurology, University Medical Center of Goettingen, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany(1) Background: autoimmune encephalitis associated with neurexin-3α antibodies is a seldom reported disease entity often accompanied by a severe clinical neuropsychiatric syndrome. (2) Method: we report on the case of a 58-year-old man diagnosed with neurexin-3α-associated autoimmune encephalitis revealing cognitive decline and depression before the proof of neurexin-3α antibodies. He underwent neuropsychological testing, peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid analysis, neuroimaging and electroencephalography. (3) Results: our patient’s main clinical feature was amnestic cognitive decline in combination with depressive symptoms. CSF analysis showed elevated phosphorylated tau protein 181 and positive proof of serum neurexin-3α antibodies in a cell-based assay. An 18F-FDG-PET/CT of the brain initially showed bilateral cerebral hypometabolism prefrontal and parietal, which was absent in follow up. The brain MRI was unremarkable. EEG recordings showed frontotemporal slowing in the theta and delta range. (4) Conclusions: taken together, we assumed autoimmune encephalitis associated with serum neurexin-3α antibodies. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to report on a predominantly mild clinical manifestation entailing amnestic mild cognitive impairment in addition to depression, thus broadening the clinical spectrum associated with neurexin-3α antibodies.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/11/6/673neurexin-3α antibodymild cognitive impairmentautoimmune encephalitisdepression |
| spellingShingle | Niels Hansen Claudia Lange Fabian Maass Lina Hassoun Caroline Bouter Winfried Stöcker Björn Hendrik Schott Jens Wiltfang Dirk Fitzner Mild Amnestic Cognitive Impairment and Depressive Symptoms in Autoimmune Encephalitis Associated with Serum Anti-Neurexin-3α Autoantibodies Brain Sciences neurexin-3α antibody mild cognitive impairment autoimmune encephalitis depression |
| title | Mild Amnestic Cognitive Impairment and Depressive Symptoms in Autoimmune Encephalitis Associated with Serum Anti-Neurexin-3α Autoantibodies |
| title_full | Mild Amnestic Cognitive Impairment and Depressive Symptoms in Autoimmune Encephalitis Associated with Serum Anti-Neurexin-3α Autoantibodies |
| title_fullStr | Mild Amnestic Cognitive Impairment and Depressive Symptoms in Autoimmune Encephalitis Associated with Serum Anti-Neurexin-3α Autoantibodies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mild Amnestic Cognitive Impairment and Depressive Symptoms in Autoimmune Encephalitis Associated with Serum Anti-Neurexin-3α Autoantibodies |
| title_short | Mild Amnestic Cognitive Impairment and Depressive Symptoms in Autoimmune Encephalitis Associated with Serum Anti-Neurexin-3α Autoantibodies |
| title_sort | mild amnestic cognitive impairment and depressive symptoms in autoimmune encephalitis associated with serum anti neurexin 3α autoantibodies |
| topic | neurexin-3α antibody mild cognitive impairment autoimmune encephalitis depression |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/11/6/673 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT nielshansen mildamnesticcognitiveimpairmentanddepressivesymptomsinautoimmuneencephalitisassociatedwithserumantineurexin3aautoantibodies AT claudialange mildamnesticcognitiveimpairmentanddepressivesymptomsinautoimmuneencephalitisassociatedwithserumantineurexin3aautoantibodies AT fabianmaass mildamnesticcognitiveimpairmentanddepressivesymptomsinautoimmuneencephalitisassociatedwithserumantineurexin3aautoantibodies AT linahassoun mildamnesticcognitiveimpairmentanddepressivesymptomsinautoimmuneencephalitisassociatedwithserumantineurexin3aautoantibodies AT carolinebouter mildamnesticcognitiveimpairmentanddepressivesymptomsinautoimmuneencephalitisassociatedwithserumantineurexin3aautoantibodies AT winfriedstocker mildamnesticcognitiveimpairmentanddepressivesymptomsinautoimmuneencephalitisassociatedwithserumantineurexin3aautoantibodies AT bjornhendrikschott mildamnesticcognitiveimpairmentanddepressivesymptomsinautoimmuneencephalitisassociatedwithserumantineurexin3aautoantibodies AT jenswiltfang mildamnesticcognitiveimpairmentanddepressivesymptomsinautoimmuneencephalitisassociatedwithserumantineurexin3aautoantibodies AT dirkfitzner mildamnesticcognitiveimpairmentanddepressivesymptomsinautoimmuneencephalitisassociatedwithserumantineurexin3aautoantibodies |