Geotechnical Properties of Washed Mineral Waste from Grit Chambers and Its Potential Use as Soil Backfill and Road Embankment Materials
The current practice of managing washed mineral waste from grit chambers under national legislation focuses primarily on its disposal, generating high costs for wastewater treatment plants. Other ways are being sought to enable its use, especially as a by-product in the construction industry. This p...
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MDPI AG
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Buildings |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/14/3/766 |
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| author | Jacek Kostrzewa Paweł Popielski Agnieszka Dąbska |
| author_facet | Jacek Kostrzewa Paweł Popielski Agnieszka Dąbska |
| author_sort | Jacek Kostrzewa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The current practice of managing washed mineral waste from grit chambers under national legislation focuses primarily on its disposal, generating high costs for wastewater treatment plants. Other ways are being sought to enable its use, especially as a by-product in the construction industry. This paper presents the results of laboratory tests of the geotechnical, physical and mechanical parameters of washed mineral waste from grit chambers. Research samples were taken from the largest, in terms of maximum daily capacity, wastewater treatment plant “<i>Czajka</i>” in Poland. The washed mineral waste was characterized by organic matter content (0.36% by Tyurin’s method or 1.04% by the loss on ignition method), fraction content (sand fraction was at least 90%; it corresponds in grain size to uniform-grained medium sand), specific density of solids (2.55 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi></mrow><mo>/</mo><mrow><msup><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></mrow></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>), dry density, void ratio and porosity corresponding to the state of the loosest and densest possible composition of soil grains and particles (1.54 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi></mrow><mo>/</mo><mrow><msup><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></mrow></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, 0.656, 0.396 and 1.87 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi></mrow><mo>/</mo><mrow><msup><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></mrow></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, 0.364, 0.267, respectively), sand equivalent (93), passive capillarity (0.20 m), maximum dry density (1.78 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi></mrow><mo>/</mo><mrow><msup><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></mrow></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>), optimal moisture content (11.23%), degree of saturation after compaction (0.66) and permeability coefficient (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>6.22</mn><mo>·</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup><mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi><mo>/</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>). The mechanical parameters determined included internal friction angle (35.5°) and apparent cohesion (14.27 kPa). The possibility of using washed mineral waste as soil for the backfill of installation trenches, abutments and retaining structures, as well as road embankment material, was evaluated considering current standards and legislation. It was found that the values of the determined parameters of washed mineral waste coincide with the values of the geotechnical parameters of sand, and there is a possibility of using this waste as a material in the indicated applications after fulfilling the appropriate conditions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:27:56Z |
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| id | doaj.art-68f8e173d2a0460bbc8b4de67e519eff |
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| issn | 2075-5309 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:27:56Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-68f8e173d2a0460bbc8b4de67e519eff2024-03-27T13:29:29ZengMDPI AGBuildings2075-53092024-03-0114376610.3390/buildings14030766Geotechnical Properties of Washed Mineral Waste from Grit Chambers and Its Potential Use as Soil Backfill and Road Embankment MaterialsJacek Kostrzewa0Paweł Popielski1Agnieszka Dąbska2Department of Hydro-Engineering and Hydraulics, Faculty of Building Services, Hydro and Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Nowowiejska 20, 00-653 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Hydro-Engineering and Hydraulics, Faculty of Building Services, Hydro and Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Nowowiejska 20, 00-653 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Hydro-Engineering and Hydraulics, Faculty of Building Services, Hydro and Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Nowowiejska 20, 00-653 Warsaw, PolandThe current practice of managing washed mineral waste from grit chambers under national legislation focuses primarily on its disposal, generating high costs for wastewater treatment plants. Other ways are being sought to enable its use, especially as a by-product in the construction industry. This paper presents the results of laboratory tests of the geotechnical, physical and mechanical parameters of washed mineral waste from grit chambers. Research samples were taken from the largest, in terms of maximum daily capacity, wastewater treatment plant “<i>Czajka</i>” in Poland. The washed mineral waste was characterized by organic matter content (0.36% by Tyurin’s method or 1.04% by the loss on ignition method), fraction content (sand fraction was at least 90%; it corresponds in grain size to uniform-grained medium sand), specific density of solids (2.55 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi></mrow><mo>/</mo><mrow><msup><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></mrow></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>), dry density, void ratio and porosity corresponding to the state of the loosest and densest possible composition of soil grains and particles (1.54 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi></mrow><mo>/</mo><mrow><msup><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></mrow></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, 0.656, 0.396 and 1.87 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi></mrow><mo>/</mo><mrow><msup><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></mrow></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, 0.364, 0.267, respectively), sand equivalent (93), passive capillarity (0.20 m), maximum dry density (1.78 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi></mrow><mo>/</mo><mrow><msup><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></mrow></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>), optimal moisture content (11.23%), degree of saturation after compaction (0.66) and permeability coefficient (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>6.22</mn><mo>·</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup><mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi><mo>/</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>). The mechanical parameters determined included internal friction angle (35.5°) and apparent cohesion (14.27 kPa). The possibility of using washed mineral waste as soil for the backfill of installation trenches, abutments and retaining structures, as well as road embankment material, was evaluated considering current standards and legislation. It was found that the values of the determined parameters of washed mineral waste coincide with the values of the geotechnical parameters of sand, and there is a possibility of using this waste as a material in the indicated applications after fulfilling the appropriate conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/14/3/766washed mineral wastegrit chamberswastewater treatment plantgeotechnical propertiesconstructionbackfill |
| spellingShingle | Jacek Kostrzewa Paweł Popielski Agnieszka Dąbska Geotechnical Properties of Washed Mineral Waste from Grit Chambers and Its Potential Use as Soil Backfill and Road Embankment Materials Buildings washed mineral waste grit chambers wastewater treatment plant geotechnical properties construction backfill |
| title | Geotechnical Properties of Washed Mineral Waste from Grit Chambers and Its Potential Use as Soil Backfill and Road Embankment Materials |
| title_full | Geotechnical Properties of Washed Mineral Waste from Grit Chambers and Its Potential Use as Soil Backfill and Road Embankment Materials |
| title_fullStr | Geotechnical Properties of Washed Mineral Waste from Grit Chambers and Its Potential Use as Soil Backfill and Road Embankment Materials |
| title_full_unstemmed | Geotechnical Properties of Washed Mineral Waste from Grit Chambers and Its Potential Use as Soil Backfill and Road Embankment Materials |
| title_short | Geotechnical Properties of Washed Mineral Waste from Grit Chambers and Its Potential Use as Soil Backfill and Road Embankment Materials |
| title_sort | geotechnical properties of washed mineral waste from grit chambers and its potential use as soil backfill and road embankment materials |
| topic | washed mineral waste grit chambers wastewater treatment plant geotechnical properties construction backfill |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/14/3/766 |
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