Photochemical Synthesis of Noble Metal Nanoparticles: Influence of Metal Salt Concentration on Size and Distribution
This paper explores the photochemical synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles, specifically gold (Au) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles, using a one-component photoinitiator system. The synthesis process involves visible light irradiation at a wavelength of 419 nm and an intensity of 250 mW/cm<sup>...
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/18/14018 |
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| author | Shahad M. Aldebasi Haja Tar Abrar S. Alnafisah Lotfi Beji Noura Kouki Fabrice Morlet-Savary Fahad M. Alminderej Lotfi M. Aroua Jacques Lalevée |
| author_facet | Shahad M. Aldebasi Haja Tar Abrar S. Alnafisah Lotfi Beji Noura Kouki Fabrice Morlet-Savary Fahad M. Alminderej Lotfi M. Aroua Jacques Lalevée |
| author_sort | Shahad M. Aldebasi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper explores the photochemical synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles, specifically gold (Au) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles, using a one-component photoinitiator system. The synthesis process involves visible light irradiation at a wavelength of 419 nm and an intensity of 250 mW/cm<sup>2</sup>. The radical-generating capabilities of the photoinitiators were evaluated using electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. The main objective of this study was to investigate how the concentration of metal salts influences the size and distribution of the nanoparticles. Proposed mechanisms for the photochemical formation of nanoparticles through photoinitiated radicals were validated using cyclic voltammetry. The results showed that the concentration of AgNO<sub>3</sub> significantly impacted the size of silver nanoparticles, with diameters ranging from 1 to 5 nm at 1 wt% and 3 wt% concentrations, while increasing the concentration to 5 wt% led to an increase in the diameter of silver nanoparticles to 16 nm. When HAuCl<sub>4</sub> was used instead of AgNO<sub>3</sub>, it was found that the average diameters of gold nanoparticles synthesized using both photoinitiators at different concentrations ranged between 1 and 4 nm. The findings suggest that variations in HAuCl<sub>4</sub> concentration have minimal impact on the size of gold nanoparticles. The photoproduction of AuNPs was shown to be thermodynamically favorable, with the reduction of HAuCl<sub>4</sub> to Au<sup>0</sup> having ∆G values of approximately −3.51 and −2.96 eV for photoinitiators A and B, respectively. Furthermore, the photoreduction of Ag<sup>+1</sup> to Ag<sup>0</sup> was demonstrated to be thermodynamically feasible, with ∆G values of approximately −3.459 and −2.91 eV for photoinitiators A and B, respectively, confirming the effectiveness of the new photoinitiators on the production of nanoparticles. The synthesis of nanoparticles was monitored using UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, and their sizes were determined through particle size analysis of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images. |
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| id | doaj.art-68fa57c1a810437abd081c1c3a2b06dc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:40:19Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
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| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-68fa57c1a810437abd081c1c3a2b06dc2023-11-19T11:06:39ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-09-0124181401810.3390/ijms241814018Photochemical Synthesis of Noble Metal Nanoparticles: Influence of Metal Salt Concentration on Size and DistributionShahad M. Aldebasi0Haja Tar1Abrar S. Alnafisah2Lotfi Beji3Noura Kouki4Fabrice Morlet-Savary5Fahad M. Alminderej6Lotfi M. Aroua7Jacques Lalevée8Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Physics, College of Sciences and Arts at ArRass, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi ArabiaCNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, Université de Haute-Alsace, F-68100 Mulhouse, FranceDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi ArabiaCNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, Université de Haute-Alsace, F-68100 Mulhouse, FranceThis paper explores the photochemical synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles, specifically gold (Au) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles, using a one-component photoinitiator system. The synthesis process involves visible light irradiation at a wavelength of 419 nm and an intensity of 250 mW/cm<sup>2</sup>. The radical-generating capabilities of the photoinitiators were evaluated using electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. The main objective of this study was to investigate how the concentration of metal salts influences the size and distribution of the nanoparticles. Proposed mechanisms for the photochemical formation of nanoparticles through photoinitiated radicals were validated using cyclic voltammetry. The results showed that the concentration of AgNO<sub>3</sub> significantly impacted the size of silver nanoparticles, with diameters ranging from 1 to 5 nm at 1 wt% and 3 wt% concentrations, while increasing the concentration to 5 wt% led to an increase in the diameter of silver nanoparticles to 16 nm. When HAuCl<sub>4</sub> was used instead of AgNO<sub>3</sub>, it was found that the average diameters of gold nanoparticles synthesized using both photoinitiators at different concentrations ranged between 1 and 4 nm. The findings suggest that variations in HAuCl<sub>4</sub> concentration have minimal impact on the size of gold nanoparticles. The photoproduction of AuNPs was shown to be thermodynamically favorable, with the reduction of HAuCl<sub>4</sub> to Au<sup>0</sup> having ∆G values of approximately −3.51 and −2.96 eV for photoinitiators A and B, respectively. Furthermore, the photoreduction of Ag<sup>+1</sup> to Ag<sup>0</sup> was demonstrated to be thermodynamically feasible, with ∆G values of approximately −3.459 and −2.91 eV for photoinitiators A and B, respectively, confirming the effectiveness of the new photoinitiators on the production of nanoparticles. The synthesis of nanoparticles was monitored using UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, and their sizes were determined through particle size analysis of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/18/14018noble metalsgold nanoparticlessilver nanoparticlesbenzophenonephotoinitiatorphotoreduction |
| spellingShingle | Shahad M. Aldebasi Haja Tar Abrar S. Alnafisah Lotfi Beji Noura Kouki Fabrice Morlet-Savary Fahad M. Alminderej Lotfi M. Aroua Jacques Lalevée Photochemical Synthesis of Noble Metal Nanoparticles: Influence of Metal Salt Concentration on Size and Distribution International Journal of Molecular Sciences noble metals gold nanoparticles silver nanoparticles benzophenone photoinitiator photoreduction |
| title | Photochemical Synthesis of Noble Metal Nanoparticles: Influence of Metal Salt Concentration on Size and Distribution |
| title_full | Photochemical Synthesis of Noble Metal Nanoparticles: Influence of Metal Salt Concentration on Size and Distribution |
| title_fullStr | Photochemical Synthesis of Noble Metal Nanoparticles: Influence of Metal Salt Concentration on Size and Distribution |
| title_full_unstemmed | Photochemical Synthesis of Noble Metal Nanoparticles: Influence of Metal Salt Concentration on Size and Distribution |
| title_short | Photochemical Synthesis of Noble Metal Nanoparticles: Influence of Metal Salt Concentration on Size and Distribution |
| title_sort | photochemical synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles influence of metal salt concentration on size and distribution |
| topic | noble metals gold nanoparticles silver nanoparticles benzophenone photoinitiator photoreduction |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/18/14018 |
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