Optimization of an Analytical Protocol for the Extraction of Microplastics from Seafood Samples with Different Levels of Fat
Marine organisms are affected by the ubiquitous occurrence of microplastics (MPs) in the environment. Several protocols have been described to extract and quantify MPs in seafood, although their complex matrices, with high level of fat, can compromise the efficiency of MPs extraction. To solve this...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/16/5172 |
| _version_ | 1797408713050423296 |
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| author | Diogo M. Silva C. Marisa R. Almeida Francisco Guardiola Sabrina M. Rodrigues Sandra Ramos |
| author_facet | Diogo M. Silva C. Marisa R. Almeida Francisco Guardiola Sabrina M. Rodrigues Sandra Ramos |
| author_sort | Diogo M. Silva |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Marine organisms are affected by the ubiquitous occurrence of microplastics (MPs) in the environment. Several protocols have been described to extract and quantify MPs in seafood, although their complex matrices, with high level of fat, can compromise the efficiency of MPs extraction. To solve this issue, the present study aimed to develop a detailed methodology suitable to process seafood samples with different levels of fat, namely fish and molluscs, from fresh and canned sources, including the immersive liquids from the cans. Sample digestion was tested using different solutions (10% KOH, 30% H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>), temperatures (40 °C, 65 °C) and incubation times (24, 48, 72 h). For fat removal, three detergents (two laboratory surfactants and a commercial dish detergent) and 96% ethanol were tested, as well as the manual separation of fat. The methodology optimized in this study combined a digestion with 30% H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> at 65 °C, during 24 to 48 h, with a manual separation of the fat remaining after the digestion. All steps from the present methodology were tested in six types of polymers (PE-LD, PET, PE, AC, PS, and lycra), to investigate if these procedures altered the integrity of MPs. Results showed that the optimized methodology will allow for the efficient processing of complex seafood samples with different fat levels, without compromising MPs integrity (recoveries rate higher than 89% for all the polymers tested). |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:02:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-690d33b46402462faded7eb541431948 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:02:30Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-690d33b46402462faded7eb5414319482023-12-03T14:11:21ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-08-012716517210.3390/molecules27165172Optimization of an Analytical Protocol for the Extraction of Microplastics from Seafood Samples with Different Levels of FatDiogo M. Silva0C. Marisa R. Almeida1Francisco Guardiola2Sabrina M. Rodrigues3Sandra Ramos4ICBAS-Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar-Porto University, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, PortugalCIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, PortugalFaculty of Biology, C. Campus Universitario, University of Murcia, 5, 30100 Murcia, SpainICBAS-Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar-Porto University, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, PortugalCIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, PortugalMarine organisms are affected by the ubiquitous occurrence of microplastics (MPs) in the environment. Several protocols have been described to extract and quantify MPs in seafood, although their complex matrices, with high level of fat, can compromise the efficiency of MPs extraction. To solve this issue, the present study aimed to develop a detailed methodology suitable to process seafood samples with different levels of fat, namely fish and molluscs, from fresh and canned sources, including the immersive liquids from the cans. Sample digestion was tested using different solutions (10% KOH, 30% H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>), temperatures (40 °C, 65 °C) and incubation times (24, 48, 72 h). For fat removal, three detergents (two laboratory surfactants and a commercial dish detergent) and 96% ethanol were tested, as well as the manual separation of fat. The methodology optimized in this study combined a digestion with 30% H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> at 65 °C, during 24 to 48 h, with a manual separation of the fat remaining after the digestion. All steps from the present methodology were tested in six types of polymers (PE-LD, PET, PE, AC, PS, and lycra), to investigate if these procedures altered the integrity of MPs. Results showed that the optimized methodology will allow for the efficient processing of complex seafood samples with different fat levels, without compromising MPs integrity (recoveries rate higher than 89% for all the polymers tested).https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/16/5172microplasticscanned seafoodfishfatmethodology |
| spellingShingle | Diogo M. Silva C. Marisa R. Almeida Francisco Guardiola Sabrina M. Rodrigues Sandra Ramos Optimization of an Analytical Protocol for the Extraction of Microplastics from Seafood Samples with Different Levels of Fat Molecules microplastics canned seafood fish fat methodology |
| title | Optimization of an Analytical Protocol for the Extraction of Microplastics from Seafood Samples with Different Levels of Fat |
| title_full | Optimization of an Analytical Protocol for the Extraction of Microplastics from Seafood Samples with Different Levels of Fat |
| title_fullStr | Optimization of an Analytical Protocol for the Extraction of Microplastics from Seafood Samples with Different Levels of Fat |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimization of an Analytical Protocol for the Extraction of Microplastics from Seafood Samples with Different Levels of Fat |
| title_short | Optimization of an Analytical Protocol for the Extraction of Microplastics from Seafood Samples with Different Levels of Fat |
| title_sort | optimization of an analytical protocol for the extraction of microplastics from seafood samples with different levels of fat |
| topic | microplastics canned seafood fish fat methodology |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/16/5172 |
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