Grain Yield Potential and Stability of Soybean Genotypes of Different Ages across Diverse Environments in Southern Africa
Soybean [<i>Glycine max</i> (L.) Merrill] is an important crop in southern Africa where it is cultivated in a wide range of agro-ecologies. Both spatial and seasonal variability is high in the region. As a result, breeders aim to release varieties with a fine balance of high productivity...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/5/1147 |
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| author | Hapson Mushoriwa Isack Mathew Eastonce T. Gwata Pangirayi Tongoona John Derera |
| author_facet | Hapson Mushoriwa Isack Mathew Eastonce T. Gwata Pangirayi Tongoona John Derera |
| author_sort | Hapson Mushoriwa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Soybean [<i>Glycine max</i> (L.) Merrill] is an important crop in southern Africa where it is cultivated in a wide range of agro-ecologies. Both spatial and seasonal variability is high in the region. As a result, breeders aim to release varieties with a fine balance of high productivity potential and stability. Genotype × environment interaction (GEI) limits the selection of superior genotypes in heterogeneous environments consequently slowing down breeding progress. This study determined the magnitude of GEI effects and genotype superiority index of soybean genotypes of different ages across three countries in southern Africa. Forty-two soybean genotypes that were released between 1966 and 2013 were evaluated for two seasons at thirteen diverse locations across the three countries. Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) and genotype superiority index tools were used to analyse both productivity and stability performance of these genotypes. The AMMI analysis showed that grain yield variation due to genotypes, environments main effects and GEI were highly significant (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Environments explained the greatest proportion (77%) of the total treatment sum of squares followed by GEI (17.4%) and genotypes (5.6%), justifying the need for multi-environmental trials over many seasons in this region. The two methods were useful in discriminating and identifying common productive and stable genotypes of different ages. The top four high-yielding (>5.0 tha<sup>−1</sup>) genotypes displayed both stability and genotype superiority index. These findings have important implications for soybean genotype recommendations, breeding progress, and strategy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:30:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6910d7e5ee024fdeae9416b366ab02f3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:30:13Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-6910d7e5ee024fdeae9416b366ab02f32023-11-23T09:43:31ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952022-05-01125114710.3390/agronomy12051147Grain Yield Potential and Stability of Soybean Genotypes of Different Ages across Diverse Environments in Southern AfricaHapson Mushoriwa0Isack Mathew1Eastonce T. Gwata2Pangirayi Tongoona3John Derera4International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Matopos Research Station, Bulawayo P.O. Box 776, ZimbabweAfrican Centre for Crop Improvement (ACCI), School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sceinces, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South AfricaDepartment of Plant & Soil Sciences, University of Venda, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Agriculture, P. Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South AfricaWest Africa Centre for Crop Improvement, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra PMB LG 30, GhanaInternational Institute of Tropical Agriculture, PMB 5320, Oyo Road, Ibadan 200001, Oyo State, NigeriaSoybean [<i>Glycine max</i> (L.) Merrill] is an important crop in southern Africa where it is cultivated in a wide range of agro-ecologies. Both spatial and seasonal variability is high in the region. As a result, breeders aim to release varieties with a fine balance of high productivity potential and stability. Genotype × environment interaction (GEI) limits the selection of superior genotypes in heterogeneous environments consequently slowing down breeding progress. This study determined the magnitude of GEI effects and genotype superiority index of soybean genotypes of different ages across three countries in southern Africa. Forty-two soybean genotypes that were released between 1966 and 2013 were evaluated for two seasons at thirteen diverse locations across the three countries. Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) and genotype superiority index tools were used to analyse both productivity and stability performance of these genotypes. The AMMI analysis showed that grain yield variation due to genotypes, environments main effects and GEI were highly significant (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Environments explained the greatest proportion (77%) of the total treatment sum of squares followed by GEI (17.4%) and genotypes (5.6%), justifying the need for multi-environmental trials over many seasons in this region. The two methods were useful in discriminating and identifying common productive and stable genotypes of different ages. The top four high-yielding (>5.0 tha<sup>−1</sup>) genotypes displayed both stability and genotype superiority index. These findings have important implications for soybean genotype recommendations, breeding progress, and strategy.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/5/1147adaptationAMMIgenotype superiority indexgenotype × environment interactionsoybeanyield stability |
| spellingShingle | Hapson Mushoriwa Isack Mathew Eastonce T. Gwata Pangirayi Tongoona John Derera Grain Yield Potential and Stability of Soybean Genotypes of Different Ages across Diverse Environments in Southern Africa Agronomy adaptation AMMI genotype superiority index genotype × environment interaction soybean yield stability |
| title | Grain Yield Potential and Stability of Soybean Genotypes of Different Ages across Diverse Environments in Southern Africa |
| title_full | Grain Yield Potential and Stability of Soybean Genotypes of Different Ages across Diverse Environments in Southern Africa |
| title_fullStr | Grain Yield Potential and Stability of Soybean Genotypes of Different Ages across Diverse Environments in Southern Africa |
| title_full_unstemmed | Grain Yield Potential and Stability of Soybean Genotypes of Different Ages across Diverse Environments in Southern Africa |
| title_short | Grain Yield Potential and Stability of Soybean Genotypes of Different Ages across Diverse Environments in Southern Africa |
| title_sort | grain yield potential and stability of soybean genotypes of different ages across diverse environments in southern africa |
| topic | adaptation AMMI genotype superiority index genotype × environment interaction soybean yield stability |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/5/1147 |
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