Effect of fiber layer formation on mechanical and wear properties of natural fiber filled epoxy hybrid composites
Natural fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites are gathering significance in future trend applications such as automotive, aerospace, sport, and other engineering applications due to their superior enhanced mechanical, wear, and thermal properties. Compared to synthetic fiber, natural fiber is l...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Heliyon |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023031419 |
| _version_ | 1827937448208891904 |
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| author | R. Venkatesh Suhas Ballal A. Mohana Krishnan S. Prabagaran S. Mohankumar Elangomathavan Ramaraj |
| author_facet | R. Venkatesh Suhas Ballal A. Mohana Krishnan S. Prabagaran S. Mohankumar Elangomathavan Ramaraj |
| author_sort | R. Venkatesh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Natural fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites are gathering significance in future trend applications such as automotive, aerospace, sport, and other engineering applications due to their superior enhanced mechanical, wear, and thermal properties. Compared to synthetic fiber, natural fiber is low adhesive and flexural strength properties. The research aims to synthesize the epoxy hybrid composites by utilizing the silane (pH = 4) treated Kenaf (KF) and sisal fiber (SF) as layering by uni, bi, and multi-unidirectional via hand layup techniques. Thirteen composite samples have been prepared by three-layer formation adopted with different weight ratios of E/KF/SF such as 100E/0KF/0SF, 70E/30KF/0SF, 70E/0KF/30SF, 70E/20KF/10SF, and 70E/10KF/20SF respectively. The effect of layer formation on the tensile, flexural, and impact strength of composites is studied by ASTM D638, D790, and D256 standards. The unidirectional fiber layer formed (sample 5) 70E/10KF/20SF composite is found maximum tensile and flexural strength of 57.9 ± 1.2 MPa and 78.65 ± 1.8 MPa. This composite is subjected to wear studies by pin-on-disc wear apparatus configured with a hardened grey cast-iron plate under an applied load of 10, 20, 30, and 40 N at different sliding velocities of 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 m/s. The wear rate of the sample progressively increases with increasing load and sliding speed of the composite. The minimum wear rate of 0.012 mg/min (sample 4) is found on 7.6 N frictional force at 0.1 m/s sliding speed. Moreover, sample 4 at a high velocity of 0.7 m/s with a low load (10 N) shows a wear rate of 0.034 mg/min. The wear-worn surface is examined and found adhesive and abrasive wear on a high frictional force of 18.54 N at 0.7 m/s. The enhanced mechanical and wear behavior of sample 5 is recommended for automotive seat frame applications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T08:24:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6911806d1d5d435ab06669e7ade4c404 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2405-8440 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T08:24:52Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Heliyon |
| spelling | doaj.art-6911806d1d5d435ab06669e7ade4c4042023-05-31T04:46:02ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402023-05-0195e15934Effect of fiber layer formation on mechanical and wear properties of natural fiber filled epoxy hybrid compositesR. Venkatesh0Suhas Ballal1A. Mohana Krishnan2S. Prabagaran3S. Mohankumar4Elangomathavan Ramaraj5Department of Mechanical Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105. Tamilnadu, IndiaDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jain University School of Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560041, IndiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, K.Ramakrishnan College of Engineering, Trichy, 621112, Tamilnadu, IndiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, 641021, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Kongunadu College of Engineering and Technology, Trichy, 621215. Tamilnadu, IndiaDepartment of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Amhara Region, Ethiopia; Corresponding author.Natural fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites are gathering significance in future trend applications such as automotive, aerospace, sport, and other engineering applications due to their superior enhanced mechanical, wear, and thermal properties. Compared to synthetic fiber, natural fiber is low adhesive and flexural strength properties. The research aims to synthesize the epoxy hybrid composites by utilizing the silane (pH = 4) treated Kenaf (KF) and sisal fiber (SF) as layering by uni, bi, and multi-unidirectional via hand layup techniques. Thirteen composite samples have been prepared by three-layer formation adopted with different weight ratios of E/KF/SF such as 100E/0KF/0SF, 70E/30KF/0SF, 70E/0KF/30SF, 70E/20KF/10SF, and 70E/10KF/20SF respectively. The effect of layer formation on the tensile, flexural, and impact strength of composites is studied by ASTM D638, D790, and D256 standards. The unidirectional fiber layer formed (sample 5) 70E/10KF/20SF composite is found maximum tensile and flexural strength of 57.9 ± 1.2 MPa and 78.65 ± 1.8 MPa. This composite is subjected to wear studies by pin-on-disc wear apparatus configured with a hardened grey cast-iron plate under an applied load of 10, 20, 30, and 40 N at different sliding velocities of 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 m/s. The wear rate of the sample progressively increases with increasing load and sliding speed of the composite. The minimum wear rate of 0.012 mg/min (sample 4) is found on 7.6 N frictional force at 0.1 m/s sliding speed. Moreover, sample 4 at a high velocity of 0.7 m/s with a low load (10 N) shows a wear rate of 0.034 mg/min. The wear-worn surface is examined and found adhesive and abrasive wear on a high frictional force of 18.54 N at 0.7 m/s. The enhanced mechanical and wear behavior of sample 5 is recommended for automotive seat frame applications.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023031419EpoxyKenaf and sisal fiberHand layupLayer formationTensileFlexural and impact strength |
| spellingShingle | R. Venkatesh Suhas Ballal A. Mohana Krishnan S. Prabagaran S. Mohankumar Elangomathavan Ramaraj Effect of fiber layer formation on mechanical and wear properties of natural fiber filled epoxy hybrid composites Heliyon Epoxy Kenaf and sisal fiber Hand layup Layer formation Tensile Flexural and impact strength |
| title | Effect of fiber layer formation on mechanical and wear properties of natural fiber filled epoxy hybrid composites |
| title_full | Effect of fiber layer formation on mechanical and wear properties of natural fiber filled epoxy hybrid composites |
| title_fullStr | Effect of fiber layer formation on mechanical and wear properties of natural fiber filled epoxy hybrid composites |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of fiber layer formation on mechanical and wear properties of natural fiber filled epoxy hybrid composites |
| title_short | Effect of fiber layer formation on mechanical and wear properties of natural fiber filled epoxy hybrid composites |
| title_sort | effect of fiber layer formation on mechanical and wear properties of natural fiber filled epoxy hybrid composites |
| topic | Epoxy Kenaf and sisal fiber Hand layup Layer formation Tensile Flexural and impact strength |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023031419 |
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