Feasibility of Brewer’s Spent Yeast Microcapsules as Targeted Oral Carriers
Brewer’s spent yeast (BSY) microcapsules have a complex network of cell-wall polysaccharides that are induced by brewing when compared to the baker’s yeast (<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>) microcapsules. These are rich in (β1→3)-glucans and covalently linked to (α1→4)- and (β1→4)-glucan...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/2/246 |
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| author | Sofia F. Reis Vitor J. Martins Rita Bastos Tânia Lima Viviana G. Correia Benedita A. Pinheiro Lisete M. Silva Angelina S. Palma Paula Ferreira Manuel Vilanova Manuel A. Coimbra Elisabete Coelho |
| author_facet | Sofia F. Reis Vitor J. Martins Rita Bastos Tânia Lima Viviana G. Correia Benedita A. Pinheiro Lisete M. Silva Angelina S. Palma Paula Ferreira Manuel Vilanova Manuel A. Coimbra Elisabete Coelho |
| author_sort | Sofia F. Reis |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Brewer’s spent yeast (BSY) microcapsules have a complex network of cell-wall polysaccharides that are induced by brewing when compared to the baker’s yeast (<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>) microcapsules. These are rich in (β1→3)-glucans and covalently linked to (α1→4)- and (β1→4)-glucans in addition to residual mannoproteins. <i>S. cerevisiae</i> is often used as a drug delivery system due to its immunostimulatory potential conferred by the presence of (β1→3)-glucans. Similarly, BSY microcapsules could also be used in the encapsulation of compounds or drug delivery systems with the advantage of resisting digestion conferred by (β1→4)-glucans and promoting a broader immunomodulatory response. This work aims to study the feasibility of BSY microcapsules that are the result of alkali and subcritical water extraction processes, as oral carriers for food and biomedical applications by (1) evaluating the resistance of BSY microcapsules to in vitro digestion (IVD), (2) their recognition by the human Dectin-1 immune receptor after IVD, and (3) the recognition of IVD-solubilized material by different mammalian immune receptors. IVD digested 44–63% of the material, depending on the extraction process. The non-digested material, despite some visible agglutination and deformation of the microcapsules, preserved their spherical shape and was enriched in (β1→3)-glucans. These microcapsules were all recognized by the human Dectin-1 immune receptor. The digested material was differentially recognized by a variety of lectins of the immune system related to (β1→3)-glucans, glycogen, and mannans. These results show the potential of BSY microcapsules to be used as oral carriers for food and biomedical applications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:44:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-691595f25d0b445f964699d2f54d7e42 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:44:53Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-691595f25d0b445f964699d2f54d7e422023-11-30T22:13:34ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582023-01-0112224610.3390/foods12020246Feasibility of Brewer’s Spent Yeast Microcapsules as Targeted Oral CarriersSofia F. Reis0Vitor J. Martins1Rita Bastos2Tânia Lima3Viviana G. Correia4Benedita A. Pinheiro5Lisete M. Silva6Angelina S. Palma7Paula Ferreira8Manuel Vilanova9Manuel A. Coimbra10Elisabete Coelho11REQUIMTE-LAQV, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalREQUIMTE-LAQV, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalREQUIMTE-LAQV, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalI3S, Institute for Research in Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, PortugalUCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, PortugalUCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, PortugalREQUIMTE-LAQV, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalUCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, PortugalCICECO, Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalI3S, Institute for Research in Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, PortugalREQUIMTE-LAQV, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalREQUIMTE-LAQV, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalBrewer’s spent yeast (BSY) microcapsules have a complex network of cell-wall polysaccharides that are induced by brewing when compared to the baker’s yeast (<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>) microcapsules. These are rich in (β1→3)-glucans and covalently linked to (α1→4)- and (β1→4)-glucans in addition to residual mannoproteins. <i>S. cerevisiae</i> is often used as a drug delivery system due to its immunostimulatory potential conferred by the presence of (β1→3)-glucans. Similarly, BSY microcapsules could also be used in the encapsulation of compounds or drug delivery systems with the advantage of resisting digestion conferred by (β1→4)-glucans and promoting a broader immunomodulatory response. This work aims to study the feasibility of BSY microcapsules that are the result of alkali and subcritical water extraction processes, as oral carriers for food and biomedical applications by (1) evaluating the resistance of BSY microcapsules to in vitro digestion (IVD), (2) their recognition by the human Dectin-1 immune receptor after IVD, and (3) the recognition of IVD-solubilized material by different mammalian immune receptors. IVD digested 44–63% of the material, depending on the extraction process. The non-digested material, despite some visible agglutination and deformation of the microcapsules, preserved their spherical shape and was enriched in (β1→3)-glucans. These microcapsules were all recognized by the human Dectin-1 immune receptor. The digested material was differentially recognized by a variety of lectins of the immune system related to (β1→3)-glucans, glycogen, and mannans. These results show the potential of BSY microcapsules to be used as oral carriers for food and biomedical applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/2/246glucansmannoproteinsin vitro digestioninnate immune systemDectin-1Dectin-2 |
| spellingShingle | Sofia F. Reis Vitor J. Martins Rita Bastos Tânia Lima Viviana G. Correia Benedita A. Pinheiro Lisete M. Silva Angelina S. Palma Paula Ferreira Manuel Vilanova Manuel A. Coimbra Elisabete Coelho Feasibility of Brewer’s Spent Yeast Microcapsules as Targeted Oral Carriers Foods glucans mannoproteins in vitro digestion innate immune system Dectin-1 Dectin-2 |
| title | Feasibility of Brewer’s Spent Yeast Microcapsules as Targeted Oral Carriers |
| title_full | Feasibility of Brewer’s Spent Yeast Microcapsules as Targeted Oral Carriers |
| title_fullStr | Feasibility of Brewer’s Spent Yeast Microcapsules as Targeted Oral Carriers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Feasibility of Brewer’s Spent Yeast Microcapsules as Targeted Oral Carriers |
| title_short | Feasibility of Brewer’s Spent Yeast Microcapsules as Targeted Oral Carriers |
| title_sort | feasibility of brewer s spent yeast microcapsules as targeted oral carriers |
| topic | glucans mannoproteins in vitro digestion innate immune system Dectin-1 Dectin-2 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/2/246 |
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