Study of the Efficiency of a Polycation Using the Diafiltration Technique in the Removal of the Antibiotic Oxytetracycline Used in Aquaculture
The presence of antibiotics in aquatic systems in recent years has become a global environmental and public health concern due to the appearance of strains resistant to these antibiotics. Oxytetracycline (OXT) is a high-impact antibiotic used for both human and veterinary consumption, and it is the...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-10-01
|
| Series: | Membranes |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/13/10/828 |
| _version_ | 1797573023179472896 |
|---|---|
| author | Daniel A. Palacio Pablo Oñate Samir Esquivel Manuel Meléndrez Eduardo Pereira Bernabé L. Rivas |
| author_facet | Daniel A. Palacio Pablo Oñate Samir Esquivel Manuel Meléndrez Eduardo Pereira Bernabé L. Rivas |
| author_sort | Daniel A. Palacio |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The presence of antibiotics in aquatic systems in recent years has become a global environmental and public health concern due to the appearance of strains resistant to these antibiotics. Oxytetracycline (OXT) is a high-impact antibiotic used for both human and veterinary consumption, and it is the second most used antibiotic in aquaculture in Chile. Based on the above, this problem is addressed using a linear polymer whose structure is composed of aromatic rings and quaternary ammonium groups, which will help enhance the removal capacity of this antibiotic. To obtain the polycation, a radical polymerization synthesis was carried out using (4-vinylbenzyl)-trimethylammonium chloride as the monomer. The polycation was characterized via Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). The removal studies were conducted under different experimental conditions such as pH levels (3.0, 5.0, 7.0, 8.0, and 11.0), ionic strength (0.0–0.50 mg L<sup>−1</sup> of NaCl), polymer dose (0.25–25.5 mg), variation of the antibiotic concentration (1–100 mg L<sup>−1</sup>), and evaluation of the maximum retention capacity, as well as load and discharge studies. The antibiotic retention removal was higher than 80.0%. The antibiotic removal performance is greatly affected by the effect of pH, ionic strength, molar ratio, and/or OXT concentration, as these parameters directly affect the electrostatic interactions between the polymer and the antibiotics. The diafiltration technique was shown to be highly efficient for the removal of OXT, with maximum removal capacities of 1273, 966, and 778 mg OXT g<sup>−1</sup> polycation. In conclusion, it can be said that coupling water-soluble polymers to the diafiltration technique is an excellent low-cost way to address the problem of antibiotics in aquatic systems. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:03:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-692075fe5d044e79bb0ba95031f2686d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0375 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:03:31Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Membranes |
| spelling | doaj.art-692075fe5d044e79bb0ba95031f2686d2023-11-19T17:19:08ZengMDPI AGMembranes2077-03752023-10-01131082810.3390/membranes13100828Study of the Efficiency of a Polycation Using the Diafiltration Technique in the Removal of the Antibiotic Oxytetracycline Used in AquacultureDaniel A. Palacio0Pablo Oñate1Samir Esquivel2Manuel Meléndrez3Eduardo Pereira4Bernabé L. Rivas5Departamento de Polímeros, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción 4070409, ChileDepartamento de Polímeros, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción 4070409, ChileDepartamento de Polímeros, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción 4070409, ChileDepartamento de Ingeniería de Materiales (DIMAT), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Concepción, Edmundo Larenas 270, Casilla 160-C, Concepción 4070409, ChileDepartamento de Química Analítica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción 4070409, ChileUniversidad San Sebastián, sede Concepción, Concepción 4080871, ChileThe presence of antibiotics in aquatic systems in recent years has become a global environmental and public health concern due to the appearance of strains resistant to these antibiotics. Oxytetracycline (OXT) is a high-impact antibiotic used for both human and veterinary consumption, and it is the second most used antibiotic in aquaculture in Chile. Based on the above, this problem is addressed using a linear polymer whose structure is composed of aromatic rings and quaternary ammonium groups, which will help enhance the removal capacity of this antibiotic. To obtain the polycation, a radical polymerization synthesis was carried out using (4-vinylbenzyl)-trimethylammonium chloride as the monomer. The polycation was characterized via Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). The removal studies were conducted under different experimental conditions such as pH levels (3.0, 5.0, 7.0, 8.0, and 11.0), ionic strength (0.0–0.50 mg L<sup>−1</sup> of NaCl), polymer dose (0.25–25.5 mg), variation of the antibiotic concentration (1–100 mg L<sup>−1</sup>), and evaluation of the maximum retention capacity, as well as load and discharge studies. The antibiotic retention removal was higher than 80.0%. The antibiotic removal performance is greatly affected by the effect of pH, ionic strength, molar ratio, and/or OXT concentration, as these parameters directly affect the electrostatic interactions between the polymer and the antibiotics. The diafiltration technique was shown to be highly efficient for the removal of OXT, with maximum removal capacities of 1273, 966, and 778 mg OXT g<sup>−1</sup> polycation. In conclusion, it can be said that coupling water-soluble polymers to the diafiltration technique is an excellent low-cost way to address the problem of antibiotics in aquatic systems.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/13/10/828ultrafiltration membranespolycationremovaloxytetracycline |
| spellingShingle | Daniel A. Palacio Pablo Oñate Samir Esquivel Manuel Meléndrez Eduardo Pereira Bernabé L. Rivas Study of the Efficiency of a Polycation Using the Diafiltration Technique in the Removal of the Antibiotic Oxytetracycline Used in Aquaculture Membranes ultrafiltration membranes polycation removal oxytetracycline |
| title | Study of the Efficiency of a Polycation Using the Diafiltration Technique in the Removal of the Antibiotic Oxytetracycline Used in Aquaculture |
| title_full | Study of the Efficiency of a Polycation Using the Diafiltration Technique in the Removal of the Antibiotic Oxytetracycline Used in Aquaculture |
| title_fullStr | Study of the Efficiency of a Polycation Using the Diafiltration Technique in the Removal of the Antibiotic Oxytetracycline Used in Aquaculture |
| title_full_unstemmed | Study of the Efficiency of a Polycation Using the Diafiltration Technique in the Removal of the Antibiotic Oxytetracycline Used in Aquaculture |
| title_short | Study of the Efficiency of a Polycation Using the Diafiltration Technique in the Removal of the Antibiotic Oxytetracycline Used in Aquaculture |
| title_sort | study of the efficiency of a polycation using the diafiltration technique in the removal of the antibiotic oxytetracycline used in aquaculture |
| topic | ultrafiltration membranes polycation removal oxytetracycline |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/13/10/828 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT danielapalacio studyoftheefficiencyofapolycationusingthediafiltrationtechniqueintheremovaloftheantibioticoxytetracyclineusedinaquaculture AT pabloonate studyoftheefficiencyofapolycationusingthediafiltrationtechniqueintheremovaloftheantibioticoxytetracyclineusedinaquaculture AT samiresquivel studyoftheefficiencyofapolycationusingthediafiltrationtechniqueintheremovaloftheantibioticoxytetracyclineusedinaquaculture AT manuelmelendrez studyoftheefficiencyofapolycationusingthediafiltrationtechniqueintheremovaloftheantibioticoxytetracyclineusedinaquaculture AT eduardopereira studyoftheefficiencyofapolycationusingthediafiltrationtechniqueintheremovaloftheantibioticoxytetracyclineusedinaquaculture AT bernabelrivas studyoftheefficiencyofapolycationusingthediafiltrationtechniqueintheremovaloftheantibioticoxytetracyclineusedinaquaculture |