NOD-like Receptors: master regulators of inflammation and cancer
Cytosolic NOD-like receptors (NLRs) have been associated with human diseases including infections, cancer, and autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. These innate immune pattern recognition molecules are essential for controlling inflammatory mechanisms through induction of cytokines, chemokines and...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2014-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fimmu.2014.00327/full |
| _version_ | 1818131987015139328 |
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| author | Mansi eSaxena Garabet eYeretssian |
| author_facet | Mansi eSaxena Garabet eYeretssian |
| author_sort | Mansi eSaxena |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cytosolic NOD-like receptors (NLRs) have been associated with human diseases including infections, cancer, and autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. These innate immune pattern recognition molecules are essential for controlling inflammatory mechanisms through induction of cytokines, chemokines and antimicrobial genes. Upon activation, some NLRs form multi-protein complexes called inflammasomes, while others orchestrate caspase-independent Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. Moreover, NLRs and their downstream signaling components engage in an intricate crosstalk with cell death and autophagy pathways, both critical processes for cancer development. Recently, increasing evidence has extended the concept that chronic inflammation caused by abberant NLR signaling is a powerful driver of carcinogenesis, where it abets genetic mutations, tumor growth and progression. In this review, we explore the rapidly expanding area of research regarding the expression and functions of NLRs in different types of cancers. Furthermore, we particularly focus on how maintaining tissue homeostasis and regulating tissue repair may provide a logical platform for understanding the liaisons between the NLR-driven inflammatory responses and cancer. Finally, we outline novel therapeutic approaches that target NLR signaling and speculate how these could be developed as potential pharmaceutical alternatives for cancer treatment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T08:29:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-69275f6c2cfb4d319260c6a6cf7c11c9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T08:29:39Z |
| publishDate | 2014-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-69275f6c2cfb4d319260c6a6cf7c11c92022-12-22T01:14:29ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242014-07-01510.3389/fimmu.2014.0032798103NOD-like Receptors: master regulators of inflammation and cancerMansi eSaxena0Garabet eYeretssian1Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiCytosolic NOD-like receptors (NLRs) have been associated with human diseases including infections, cancer, and autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. These innate immune pattern recognition molecules are essential for controlling inflammatory mechanisms through induction of cytokines, chemokines and antimicrobial genes. Upon activation, some NLRs form multi-protein complexes called inflammasomes, while others orchestrate caspase-independent Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. Moreover, NLRs and their downstream signaling components engage in an intricate crosstalk with cell death and autophagy pathways, both critical processes for cancer development. Recently, increasing evidence has extended the concept that chronic inflammation caused by abberant NLR signaling is a powerful driver of carcinogenesis, where it abets genetic mutations, tumor growth and progression. In this review, we explore the rapidly expanding area of research regarding the expression and functions of NLRs in different types of cancers. Furthermore, we particularly focus on how maintaining tissue homeostasis and regulating tissue repair may provide a logical platform for understanding the liaisons between the NLR-driven inflammatory responses and cancer. Finally, we outline novel therapeutic approaches that target NLR signaling and speculate how these could be developed as potential pharmaceutical alternatives for cancer treatment.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fimmu.2014.00327/fullApoptosisAutophagyinnate immunitycolorectal cancerInflammasomenod-like receptors |
| spellingShingle | Mansi eSaxena Garabet eYeretssian NOD-like Receptors: master regulators of inflammation and cancer Frontiers in Immunology Apoptosis Autophagy innate immunity colorectal cancer Inflammasome nod-like receptors |
| title | NOD-like Receptors: master regulators of inflammation and cancer |
| title_full | NOD-like Receptors: master regulators of inflammation and cancer |
| title_fullStr | NOD-like Receptors: master regulators of inflammation and cancer |
| title_full_unstemmed | NOD-like Receptors: master regulators of inflammation and cancer |
| title_short | NOD-like Receptors: master regulators of inflammation and cancer |
| title_sort | nod like receptors master regulators of inflammation and cancer |
| topic | Apoptosis Autophagy innate immunity colorectal cancer Inflammasome nod-like receptors |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fimmu.2014.00327/full |
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