Comprehensive Genomic Survey, Structural Classification, and Expression Analysis of WRKY Transcription Factor Family in <i>Rhododendron simsii</i>
(1) <i>Rhododendron</i> is one of the top ten traditional flowers in China, with both high ornamental and economic values. However, with the change of the environment, <i>Rhododendron</i> suffers from various biological stresses. The WRKY transcription factor is a member of t...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/21/2967 |
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| author | Ziyun Wan Xueqin Li Hefeng Cheng Jing Zhang Yujia Chen Yanxia Xu Songheng Jin |
| author_facet | Ziyun Wan Xueqin Li Hefeng Cheng Jing Zhang Yujia Chen Yanxia Xu Songheng Jin |
| author_sort | Ziyun Wan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | (1) <i>Rhododendron</i> is one of the top ten traditional flowers in China, with both high ornamental and economic values. However, with the change of the environment, <i>Rhododendron</i> suffers from various biological stresses. The WRKY transcription factor is a member of the most crucial transcription factor families, which plays an essential regulatory role in a variety of physiological processes and developmental stresses. (2) In this study, 57 RsWRKYs were identified using genome data and found to be randomly distributed on 13 chromosomes. Based on gene structure and phylogenetic relationships, 57 proteins were divided into three groups: I, II, and III. Multiple alignments of RsWRKYs with <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> homologous genes revealed that WRKY domains in different groups had different conserved sites. RsWRKYs have a highly conserved domain, WRKYGQK, with three variants, WRKYGKK, WRKYGEK, and WRKYGRK. Furthermore, cis-acting elements analysis revealed that all of the RsWRKYs had stress and plant hormone cis-elements, with figures varying by group. Finally, the expression patterns of nine <i>WRKY</i> genes treated with gibberellin acid (GA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), heat, and drought in <i>Rhododendron</i> were also measured using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The results showed that the expression levels of the majority of <i>RsWRKY</i> genes changed in response to multiple phytohormones and abiotic stressors. (3) This current study establishes a theoretical basis for future studies on the response of RsWRKY transcription factors to various hormone and abiotic stresses as well as a significant foundation for the breeding of new stress-tolerant <i>Rhododendron</i> varieties. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:44:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-692a9ebe474146ddb4e9448e2536be59 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:44:05Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-692a9ebe474146ddb4e9448e2536be592023-11-24T06:26:01ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472022-11-011121296710.3390/plants11212967Comprehensive Genomic Survey, Structural Classification, and Expression Analysis of WRKY Transcription Factor Family in <i>Rhododendron simsii</i>Ziyun Wan0Xueqin Li1Hefeng Cheng2Jing Zhang3Yujia Chen4Yanxia Xu5Songheng Jin6Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, ChinaJiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, ChinaJiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, ChinaJiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, ChinaJiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, ChinaJiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, ChinaJiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, China(1) <i>Rhododendron</i> is one of the top ten traditional flowers in China, with both high ornamental and economic values. However, with the change of the environment, <i>Rhododendron</i> suffers from various biological stresses. The WRKY transcription factor is a member of the most crucial transcription factor families, which plays an essential regulatory role in a variety of physiological processes and developmental stresses. (2) In this study, 57 RsWRKYs were identified using genome data and found to be randomly distributed on 13 chromosomes. Based on gene structure and phylogenetic relationships, 57 proteins were divided into three groups: I, II, and III. Multiple alignments of RsWRKYs with <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> homologous genes revealed that WRKY domains in different groups had different conserved sites. RsWRKYs have a highly conserved domain, WRKYGQK, with three variants, WRKYGKK, WRKYGEK, and WRKYGRK. Furthermore, cis-acting elements analysis revealed that all of the RsWRKYs had stress and plant hormone cis-elements, with figures varying by group. Finally, the expression patterns of nine <i>WRKY</i> genes treated with gibberellin acid (GA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), heat, and drought in <i>Rhododendron</i> were also measured using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The results showed that the expression levels of the majority of <i>RsWRKY</i> genes changed in response to multiple phytohormones and abiotic stressors. (3) This current study establishes a theoretical basis for future studies on the response of RsWRKY transcription factors to various hormone and abiotic stresses as well as a significant foundation for the breeding of new stress-tolerant <i>Rhododendron</i> varieties.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/21/2967<i>Rhododendron</i>WRKY familytranscription factorbioinformaticsgene expressionhormone |
| spellingShingle | Ziyun Wan Xueqin Li Hefeng Cheng Jing Zhang Yujia Chen Yanxia Xu Songheng Jin Comprehensive Genomic Survey, Structural Classification, and Expression Analysis of WRKY Transcription Factor Family in <i>Rhododendron simsii</i> Plants <i>Rhododendron</i> WRKY family transcription factor bioinformatics gene expression hormone |
| title | Comprehensive Genomic Survey, Structural Classification, and Expression Analysis of WRKY Transcription Factor Family in <i>Rhododendron simsii</i> |
| title_full | Comprehensive Genomic Survey, Structural Classification, and Expression Analysis of WRKY Transcription Factor Family in <i>Rhododendron simsii</i> |
| title_fullStr | Comprehensive Genomic Survey, Structural Classification, and Expression Analysis of WRKY Transcription Factor Family in <i>Rhododendron simsii</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comprehensive Genomic Survey, Structural Classification, and Expression Analysis of WRKY Transcription Factor Family in <i>Rhododendron simsii</i> |
| title_short | Comprehensive Genomic Survey, Structural Classification, and Expression Analysis of WRKY Transcription Factor Family in <i>Rhododendron simsii</i> |
| title_sort | comprehensive genomic survey structural classification and expression analysis of wrky transcription factor family in i rhododendron simsii i |
| topic | <i>Rhododendron</i> WRKY family transcription factor bioinformatics gene expression hormone |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/21/2967 |
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