LC-MS and NMR Based Plant Metabolomics: A Comprehensive Phytochemical Investigation of <i>Symphytum anatolicum</i>
The application of metabolomics to the study of plants is growing because of the current development of analytical techniques. The most commonly used analytical technology driving plant metabolomics studies is Mass Spectrometry (MS) coupled to liquid chromatography (LC). In recent years, Nuclear Mag...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Metabolites |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/10/1051 |
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| author | Hilal Kılınc Gilda D’Urso Annunziata Paolillo Ozgen Alankus Sonia Piacente Milena Masullo |
| author_facet | Hilal Kılınc Gilda D’Urso Annunziata Paolillo Ozgen Alankus Sonia Piacente Milena Masullo |
| author_sort | Hilal Kılınc |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The application of metabolomics to the study of plants is growing because of the current development of analytical techniques. The most commonly used analytical technology driving plant metabolomics studies is Mass Spectrometry (MS) coupled to liquid chromatography (LC). In recent years, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, not requiring a previous chromatographic separation, has been receiving growing attention for metabolite fingerprinting of natural extracts. Herein, an integrated LC-MS and <sup>1</sup>H NMR metabolomic approach provided a comprehensive phytochemical characterization of <i>Symphytum anatolicum</i> whole plant, taking into account both primary and specialized metabolites. Moreover, the NMR analyses provided direct quantitative information. Species belonging to the <i>Symphytum</i> genus, known as comfrey, have shown several biological activities including anti-inflammatory, analgesic, hepatoprotective, antifungal, and antibacterial. The LC-MS profile showed the presence of 21 main specialized metabolites, belonging to the classes of flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, salvianols, and oxylipins. The <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectrum revealed the occurrence of metabolites including organic acids, phenolics, flavonoids, sugars, and amino acids. A quantitative analysis of these metabolites was performed and their concentration was obtained with respect to the known concentration of TSP, by means of the software package Chenomx which allows quantification of individual components in the NMR spectra. Furthermore, the phenolic content, antioxidant activity, glucosidase, and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of <i>S. anatolicum</i> extract were evaluated. The resulting bioactivity profile suggests how <i>S. anatolicum</i> represents a source of metabolites with health-promoting activity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:03:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6936645a11f44996a2657d064621767f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-1989 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:03:31Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Metabolites |
| spelling | doaj.art-6936645a11f44996a2657d064621767f2023-11-19T17:19:45ZengMDPI AGMetabolites2218-19892023-10-011310105110.3390/metabo13101051LC-MS and NMR Based Plant Metabolomics: A Comprehensive Phytochemical Investigation of <i>Symphytum anatolicum</i>Hilal Kılınc0Gilda D’Urso1Annunziata Paolillo2Ozgen Alankus3Sonia Piacente4Milena Masullo5Department of Geological Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Dokuz Eylul University, Buca, 35370 İzmir, TurkeyDipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, ItalyDipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, ItalyChemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, TurkeyDipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, ItalyDipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, ItalyThe application of metabolomics to the study of plants is growing because of the current development of analytical techniques. The most commonly used analytical technology driving plant metabolomics studies is Mass Spectrometry (MS) coupled to liquid chromatography (LC). In recent years, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, not requiring a previous chromatographic separation, has been receiving growing attention for metabolite fingerprinting of natural extracts. Herein, an integrated LC-MS and <sup>1</sup>H NMR metabolomic approach provided a comprehensive phytochemical characterization of <i>Symphytum anatolicum</i> whole plant, taking into account both primary and specialized metabolites. Moreover, the NMR analyses provided direct quantitative information. Species belonging to the <i>Symphytum</i> genus, known as comfrey, have shown several biological activities including anti-inflammatory, analgesic, hepatoprotective, antifungal, and antibacterial. The LC-MS profile showed the presence of 21 main specialized metabolites, belonging to the classes of flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, salvianols, and oxylipins. The <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectrum revealed the occurrence of metabolites including organic acids, phenolics, flavonoids, sugars, and amino acids. A quantitative analysis of these metabolites was performed and their concentration was obtained with respect to the known concentration of TSP, by means of the software package Chenomx which allows quantification of individual components in the NMR spectra. Furthermore, the phenolic content, antioxidant activity, glucosidase, and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of <i>S. anatolicum</i> extract were evaluated. The resulting bioactivity profile suggests how <i>S. anatolicum</i> represents a source of metabolites with health-promoting activity.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/10/1051<i>Symphytum anatolicum</i>BoraginaceaeLC-MSNMRα-glucosidase assaytyrosinase assay |
| spellingShingle | Hilal Kılınc Gilda D’Urso Annunziata Paolillo Ozgen Alankus Sonia Piacente Milena Masullo LC-MS and NMR Based Plant Metabolomics: A Comprehensive Phytochemical Investigation of <i>Symphytum anatolicum</i> Metabolites <i>Symphytum anatolicum</i> Boraginaceae LC-MS NMR α-glucosidase assay tyrosinase assay |
| title | LC-MS and NMR Based Plant Metabolomics: A Comprehensive Phytochemical Investigation of <i>Symphytum anatolicum</i> |
| title_full | LC-MS and NMR Based Plant Metabolomics: A Comprehensive Phytochemical Investigation of <i>Symphytum anatolicum</i> |
| title_fullStr | LC-MS and NMR Based Plant Metabolomics: A Comprehensive Phytochemical Investigation of <i>Symphytum anatolicum</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | LC-MS and NMR Based Plant Metabolomics: A Comprehensive Phytochemical Investigation of <i>Symphytum anatolicum</i> |
| title_short | LC-MS and NMR Based Plant Metabolomics: A Comprehensive Phytochemical Investigation of <i>Symphytum anatolicum</i> |
| title_sort | lc ms and nmr based plant metabolomics a comprehensive phytochemical investigation of i symphytum anatolicum i |
| topic | <i>Symphytum anatolicum</i> Boraginaceae LC-MS NMR α-glucosidase assay tyrosinase assay |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/10/1051 |
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