Mineralogical Transformations in Granitoids during Heating at Fire-Related Temperatures
Fire is a major decay agent of rocks and can generate immediate catastrophic effects as well as directional and anisotropic damage that affect long-term weathering processes. Temperature increase is the most relevant factor, among other components in a fire, generating mineral transformations and bu...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/1/188 |
| _version_ | 1797499639447945216 |
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| author | Patricia Vazquez David Benavente David Montiel Miguel Gomez-Heras |
| author_facet | Patricia Vazquez David Benavente David Montiel Miguel Gomez-Heras |
| author_sort | Patricia Vazquez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fire is a major decay agent of rocks and can generate immediate catastrophic effects as well as directional and anisotropic damage that affect long-term weathering processes. Temperature increase is the most relevant factor, among other components in a fire, generating mineral transformations and bulk mechanical damage. Mineralogical changes at high temperatures are key to understanding the overall mechanical behaviour. However, most studies to date were carried out after rock specimens were heated to a target temperature and cooled down to room temperature. Therefore, these studies are missing the observation of the actual mineral processes during heating. This paper aims to compare mineralogical changes in crystalline rocks during heating by means of XPS and different XRD techniques. Samples of four different granitoids were heated to several temperatures up to 1000 °C to evaluate their chemical and structural changes. Results show how standardised thermal expansion coefficients are not a suitable indicator of the bulk effect of high temperatures on rocks. Results also show how thermal expansion estimations from XRD lattice measurements may be an alternative to bulk dilatometric tests, as they can be performed with limited sampling, which may be necessary in some studies. Nevertheless, XRD and XPS results need to be interpreted carefully in relation to the bulk effects of temperature increase in the rocks, as the structural behaviour may seemingly contradict the macroscopic effect. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:50:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6936fcbd46ab4e20835d939cf7f29d74 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:50:18Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-6936fcbd46ab4e20835d939cf7f29d742023-11-23T11:09:06ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172021-12-0112118810.3390/app12010188Mineralogical Transformations in Granitoids during Heating at Fire-Related TemperaturesPatricia Vazquez0David Benavente1David Montiel2Miguel Gomez-Heras3GEGENAA, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 2, Esplanade Roland Garros, 51100 Reims, FranceLaboratorio de Petrologia Aplicada, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 Saint Vicent du Raspeig, SpainLaboratorio de Petrologia Aplicada, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 Saint Vicent du Raspeig, SpainDepartamento de Geologia y Geoquimica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, SpainFire is a major decay agent of rocks and can generate immediate catastrophic effects as well as directional and anisotropic damage that affect long-term weathering processes. Temperature increase is the most relevant factor, among other components in a fire, generating mineral transformations and bulk mechanical damage. Mineralogical changes at high temperatures are key to understanding the overall mechanical behaviour. However, most studies to date were carried out after rock specimens were heated to a target temperature and cooled down to room temperature. Therefore, these studies are missing the observation of the actual mineral processes during heating. This paper aims to compare mineralogical changes in crystalline rocks during heating by means of XPS and different XRD techniques. Samples of four different granitoids were heated to several temperatures up to 1000 °C to evaluate their chemical and structural changes. Results show how standardised thermal expansion coefficients are not a suitable indicator of the bulk effect of high temperatures on rocks. Results also show how thermal expansion estimations from XRD lattice measurements may be an alternative to bulk dilatometric tests, as they can be performed with limited sampling, which may be necessary in some studies. Nevertheless, XRD and XPS results need to be interpreted carefully in relation to the bulk effects of temperature increase in the rocks, as the structural behaviour may seemingly contradict the macroscopic effect.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/1/188granitoidsstone decayfirethermal XRDXPSthermal expansion |
| spellingShingle | Patricia Vazquez David Benavente David Montiel Miguel Gomez-Heras Mineralogical Transformations in Granitoids during Heating at Fire-Related Temperatures Applied Sciences granitoids stone decay fire thermal XRD XPS thermal expansion |
| title | Mineralogical Transformations in Granitoids during Heating at Fire-Related Temperatures |
| title_full | Mineralogical Transformations in Granitoids during Heating at Fire-Related Temperatures |
| title_fullStr | Mineralogical Transformations in Granitoids during Heating at Fire-Related Temperatures |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mineralogical Transformations in Granitoids during Heating at Fire-Related Temperatures |
| title_short | Mineralogical Transformations in Granitoids during Heating at Fire-Related Temperatures |
| title_sort | mineralogical transformations in granitoids during heating at fire related temperatures |
| topic | granitoids stone decay fire thermal XRD XPS thermal expansion |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/1/188 |
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