The Association between Vitamin D, Interleukin-4, and Interleukin-10 Levels and CD23+ Expression with Bronchial Asthma in Stunted Children
Children with stunted growth have an increased risk of wheezing, and studies have shown that low levels of vitamin D and interleukin (IL)-10, along with increased IL-4 levels and CD23+ expression, are present in stunted and asthmatic children. To date, it is not known whether these factors are relat...
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Biomedicines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/9/2542 |
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| author | Gartika Sapartini Gary W. K. Wong Agnes Rengga Indrati Cissy B. Kartasasmita Budi Setiabudiawan |
| author_facet | Gartika Sapartini Gary W. K. Wong Agnes Rengga Indrati Cissy B. Kartasasmita Budi Setiabudiawan |
| author_sort | Gartika Sapartini |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Children with stunted growth have an increased risk of wheezing, and studies have shown that low levels of vitamin D and interleukin (IL)-10, along with increased IL-4 levels and CD23+ expression, are present in stunted and asthmatic children. To date, it is not known whether these factors are related to the incidence of asthma in stunted children. This case-control study investigated the association between vitamin D, IL-4, and IL-10 levels and CD23+ expression with bronchial asthma in stunted children. The study included 99 children aged 24–59 months, i.e., 37 stunted-sthmatic children (cases), 38 stunted children without asthma, and 24 non-stunted children with asthma. All children were tested for their 25(OH)D levels using chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA), IL-4 and IL-10 levels were measured through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testing, and CD23+ expression was measured through flow cytometry bead testing. The data were analyzed using chi-squared, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney tests. The results showed that stunted asthmatic children had a higher incidence of atopic family members than those without asthma. Additionally, stunted asthmatic children had a higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (48.6%) than the control group (44.7% and 20.8%). Furthermore, stunted asthmatic children had significantly lower levels of 25(OH)D [20.55 (16.18–25.55), <i>p</i> = 0.042] and higher levels of IL-4 [1.41 (0.95–2.40), <i>p</i> = 0.038], although there were no significant differences in IL-10 levels and CD23+ expression. The study concluded that low vitamin D and high IL-4 levels are associated with bronchial asthma in stunted children, while IL-10 and CD23+ do not show a significant association. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:00:22Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:00:22Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj.art-693fa336f6a54522b83da9aafb0d12802023-11-19T09:42:46ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592023-09-01119254210.3390/biomedicines11092542The Association between Vitamin D, Interleukin-4, and Interleukin-10 Levels and CD23+ Expression with Bronchial Asthma in Stunted ChildrenGartika Sapartini0Gary W. K. Wong1Agnes Rengga Indrati2Cissy B. Kartasasmita3Budi Setiabudiawan4Division of Allergy Immunology, Department of Child Health, Doctoral Study Program, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, West Java, IndonesiaDepartment of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran, Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung 40161, West Java, IndonesiaDivision of Respirology, Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran, Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung 40161, West Java, IndonesiaDivision of Allergy Immunology, Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran, Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung 40161, West Java, IndonesiaChildren with stunted growth have an increased risk of wheezing, and studies have shown that low levels of vitamin D and interleukin (IL)-10, along with increased IL-4 levels and CD23+ expression, are present in stunted and asthmatic children. To date, it is not known whether these factors are related to the incidence of asthma in stunted children. This case-control study investigated the association between vitamin D, IL-4, and IL-10 levels and CD23+ expression with bronchial asthma in stunted children. The study included 99 children aged 24–59 months, i.e., 37 stunted-sthmatic children (cases), 38 stunted children without asthma, and 24 non-stunted children with asthma. All children were tested for their 25(OH)D levels using chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA), IL-4 and IL-10 levels were measured through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testing, and CD23+ expression was measured through flow cytometry bead testing. The data were analyzed using chi-squared, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney tests. The results showed that stunted asthmatic children had a higher incidence of atopic family members than those without asthma. Additionally, stunted asthmatic children had a higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (48.6%) than the control group (44.7% and 20.8%). Furthermore, stunted asthmatic children had significantly lower levels of 25(OH)D [20.55 (16.18–25.55), <i>p</i> = 0.042] and higher levels of IL-4 [1.41 (0.95–2.40), <i>p</i> = 0.038], although there were no significant differences in IL-10 levels and CD23+ expression. The study concluded that low vitamin D and high IL-4 levels are associated with bronchial asthma in stunted children, while IL-10 and CD23+ do not show a significant association.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/9/254225(OH)Dbronchial asthmaCD23+IL-4IL-10stunted |
| spellingShingle | Gartika Sapartini Gary W. K. Wong Agnes Rengga Indrati Cissy B. Kartasasmita Budi Setiabudiawan The Association between Vitamin D, Interleukin-4, and Interleukin-10 Levels and CD23+ Expression with Bronchial Asthma in Stunted Children Biomedicines 25(OH)D bronchial asthma CD23+ IL-4 IL-10 stunted |
| title | The Association between Vitamin D, Interleukin-4, and Interleukin-10 Levels and CD23+ Expression with Bronchial Asthma in Stunted Children |
| title_full | The Association between Vitamin D, Interleukin-4, and Interleukin-10 Levels and CD23+ Expression with Bronchial Asthma in Stunted Children |
| title_fullStr | The Association between Vitamin D, Interleukin-4, and Interleukin-10 Levels and CD23+ Expression with Bronchial Asthma in Stunted Children |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Association between Vitamin D, Interleukin-4, and Interleukin-10 Levels and CD23+ Expression with Bronchial Asthma in Stunted Children |
| title_short | The Association between Vitamin D, Interleukin-4, and Interleukin-10 Levels and CD23+ Expression with Bronchial Asthma in Stunted Children |
| title_sort | association between vitamin d interleukin 4 and interleukin 10 levels and cd23 expression with bronchial asthma in stunted children |
| topic | 25(OH)D bronchial asthma CD23+ IL-4 IL-10 stunted |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/9/2542 |
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