High prevalence of co-infection with multiple Torque teno sus virus species in Italian pig herds.
Torque teno viruses (TTVs) are a large group of vertebrate-infecting small viruses with circular single-stranded DNA, classified in the Anelloviridae family. In swine, two genetically distinct species, Torque teno sus virus 1a (TTSuV1a) and 1b (TTSuV1b) are currently grouped into the genus Iotatorqu...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2014-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4239083?pdf=render |
| _version_ | 1811338134192914432 |
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| author | Sylvain Blois Francesca Mallus Manuele Liciardi Cristian Pilo Tania Camboni Lisa Macera Fabrizio Maggi Aldo Manzin |
| author_facet | Sylvain Blois Francesca Mallus Manuele Liciardi Cristian Pilo Tania Camboni Lisa Macera Fabrizio Maggi Aldo Manzin |
| author_sort | Sylvain Blois |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Torque teno viruses (TTVs) are a large group of vertebrate-infecting small viruses with circular single-stranded DNA, classified in the Anelloviridae family. In swine, two genetically distinct species, Torque teno sus virus 1a (TTSuV1a) and 1b (TTSuV1b) are currently grouped into the genus Iotatorquevirus. More recently, a novel Torque teno sus virus species, named Torque teno sus virus k2b (TTSuVk2b), has been included with Torque teno sus virus k2a (TTSuVk2a) into the genus Kappatorquevirus. In the present study, TTSuV1 (TTSuV1a and TTSuV1b), TTSuVk2a and TTSuVk2b prevalence was evaluated in 721 serum samples of healthy pigs from Sardinian farms, insular Italy. This is the largest study to date on the presence of TTSuV in healthy pigs in Italy. The global prevalence of infection was 83.2% (600/721), being 62.3% (449/721), 60.6% (437/721), and 11.5% (83/721) the prevalence of TTSuV1, TTSuVk2a and TTSuVk2b, respectively. The rate of co-infection with two and/or three species was also calculated, and data show that co-infections were significantly more frequent than infections with single species, and that TTSuV1+TTSuVk2a double infection was the prevalent combination (35.4%). Quantitative results obtained using species-specific real time-qPCR evidenced the highest mean levels of viremia in the TTSuV1 subgroup, and the lowest in the TTSuVk2b subgroup. Interestingly, multiple infections with distinct TTSuV species seemed to significantly affect the DNA load and specifically, data highlighted that double infection with TTSuVk2a increased the viral titers of TTSuV1, likewise the co-infection with TTSuVk2b increased the titers of TTSuVk2a. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T18:06:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-69452b8da9d14ad9b0ec3006a390ba93 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T18:06:30Z |
| publishDate | 2014-01-01 |
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| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-69452b8da9d14ad9b0ec3006a390ba932022-12-22T02:36:04ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032014-01-01911e11372010.1371/journal.pone.0113720High prevalence of co-infection with multiple Torque teno sus virus species in Italian pig herds.Sylvain BloisFrancesca MallusManuele LiciardiCristian PiloTania CamboniLisa MaceraFabrizio MaggiAldo ManzinTorque teno viruses (TTVs) are a large group of vertebrate-infecting small viruses with circular single-stranded DNA, classified in the Anelloviridae family. In swine, two genetically distinct species, Torque teno sus virus 1a (TTSuV1a) and 1b (TTSuV1b) are currently grouped into the genus Iotatorquevirus. More recently, a novel Torque teno sus virus species, named Torque teno sus virus k2b (TTSuVk2b), has been included with Torque teno sus virus k2a (TTSuVk2a) into the genus Kappatorquevirus. In the present study, TTSuV1 (TTSuV1a and TTSuV1b), TTSuVk2a and TTSuVk2b prevalence was evaluated in 721 serum samples of healthy pigs from Sardinian farms, insular Italy. This is the largest study to date on the presence of TTSuV in healthy pigs in Italy. The global prevalence of infection was 83.2% (600/721), being 62.3% (449/721), 60.6% (437/721), and 11.5% (83/721) the prevalence of TTSuV1, TTSuVk2a and TTSuVk2b, respectively. The rate of co-infection with two and/or three species was also calculated, and data show that co-infections were significantly more frequent than infections with single species, and that TTSuV1+TTSuVk2a double infection was the prevalent combination (35.4%). Quantitative results obtained using species-specific real time-qPCR evidenced the highest mean levels of viremia in the TTSuV1 subgroup, and the lowest in the TTSuVk2b subgroup. Interestingly, multiple infections with distinct TTSuV species seemed to significantly affect the DNA load and specifically, data highlighted that double infection with TTSuVk2a increased the viral titers of TTSuV1, likewise the co-infection with TTSuVk2b increased the titers of TTSuVk2a.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4239083?pdf=render |
| spellingShingle | Sylvain Blois Francesca Mallus Manuele Liciardi Cristian Pilo Tania Camboni Lisa Macera Fabrizio Maggi Aldo Manzin High prevalence of co-infection with multiple Torque teno sus virus species in Italian pig herds. PLoS ONE |
| title | High prevalence of co-infection with multiple Torque teno sus virus species in Italian pig herds. |
| title_full | High prevalence of co-infection with multiple Torque teno sus virus species in Italian pig herds. |
| title_fullStr | High prevalence of co-infection with multiple Torque teno sus virus species in Italian pig herds. |
| title_full_unstemmed | High prevalence of co-infection with multiple Torque teno sus virus species in Italian pig herds. |
| title_short | High prevalence of co-infection with multiple Torque teno sus virus species in Italian pig herds. |
| title_sort | high prevalence of co infection with multiple torque teno sus virus species in italian pig herds |
| url | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4239083?pdf=render |
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