Cadmium Accumulation in Cereal Crops and Tobacco: A Review
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal with no known biological function in plants and one of the most toxic substances released into the environment. Crops, such as rice, maize, wheat and tobacco are the major sources of Cd for humans. Cd toxicity inhibits crop growth and development by affecting many...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/8/1952 |
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| author | Shineng Mei Kaina Lin Darron V. Williams Yang Liu Huaxin Dai Fangbin Cao |
| author_facet | Shineng Mei Kaina Lin Darron V. Williams Yang Liu Huaxin Dai Fangbin Cao |
| author_sort | Shineng Mei |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal with no known biological function in plants and one of the most toxic substances released into the environment. Crops, such as rice, maize, wheat and tobacco are the major sources of Cd for humans. Cd toxicity inhibits crop growth and development by affecting many central physiological and biochemical processes, and finally it affects human health via the food chain. To adapt to Cd toxicity, crops have evolved a series of detoxification mechanisms. Immediate responses include rapid changes at the transcriptional level with simultaneous changes at the physiological and metabolic levels. However, the long-term responses involve genetic modifications and epigenetic changes. During the last decade, many genes involved in Cd uptake and translocation have been identified, and many of them are transporters. To decrease the accumulation of Cd in cereal grains and tobacco leaves, a number of approaches have been proposed, including physical and chemical methods, developing and planting low accumulation genotypes using transgenic strategies or marker–trait association breeding. In this review, we describe the toxicity of Cd to crops and human body, advances in the molecular mechanisms of Cd accumulation in cereal crops and tobacco, and approaches to decrease Cd accumulation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:02:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6946198651ff40dcb4c782eaffabf845 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:02:28Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-6946198651ff40dcb4c782eaffabf8452023-12-01T23:18:35ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952022-08-01128195210.3390/agronomy12081952Cadmium Accumulation in Cereal Crops and Tobacco: A ReviewShineng Mei0Kaina Lin1Darron V. Williams2Yang Liu3Huaxin Dai4Fangbin Cao5Huishui County Branch, Qiannan Prefecture Tobacco Company, Qiannan Prefecture 558000, ChinaDepartment of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaDepartment of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaKey Laboratory of Eco-Environment & Tobacco Leaf Quality, CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaKey Laboratory of Eco-Environment & Tobacco Leaf Quality, CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaDepartment of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaCadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal with no known biological function in plants and one of the most toxic substances released into the environment. Crops, such as rice, maize, wheat and tobacco are the major sources of Cd for humans. Cd toxicity inhibits crop growth and development by affecting many central physiological and biochemical processes, and finally it affects human health via the food chain. To adapt to Cd toxicity, crops have evolved a series of detoxification mechanisms. Immediate responses include rapid changes at the transcriptional level with simultaneous changes at the physiological and metabolic levels. However, the long-term responses involve genetic modifications and epigenetic changes. During the last decade, many genes involved in Cd uptake and translocation have been identified, and many of them are transporters. To decrease the accumulation of Cd in cereal grains and tobacco leaves, a number of approaches have been proposed, including physical and chemical methods, developing and planting low accumulation genotypes using transgenic strategies or marker–trait association breeding. In this review, we describe the toxicity of Cd to crops and human body, advances in the molecular mechanisms of Cd accumulation in cereal crops and tobacco, and approaches to decrease Cd accumulation.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/8/1952cereal cropstobaccoCd accumulationmolecular mechanismtransportertranscription factor |
| spellingShingle | Shineng Mei Kaina Lin Darron V. Williams Yang Liu Huaxin Dai Fangbin Cao Cadmium Accumulation in Cereal Crops and Tobacco: A Review Agronomy cereal crops tobacco Cd accumulation molecular mechanism transporter transcription factor |
| title | Cadmium Accumulation in Cereal Crops and Tobacco: A Review |
| title_full | Cadmium Accumulation in Cereal Crops and Tobacco: A Review |
| title_fullStr | Cadmium Accumulation in Cereal Crops and Tobacco: A Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cadmium Accumulation in Cereal Crops and Tobacco: A Review |
| title_short | Cadmium Accumulation in Cereal Crops and Tobacco: A Review |
| title_sort | cadmium accumulation in cereal crops and tobacco a review |
| topic | cereal crops tobacco Cd accumulation molecular mechanism transporter transcription factor |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/8/1952 |
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