A comprehensive analysis of albuminuria in canine chronic kidney disease
Abstract Background Albuminuria, an important marker of decreased kidney function in chronic kidney disease (CKD), is not routinely used for CKD detection or proteinuria appearance. Its relationships with biochemical parameters and blood pressure in dogs are poorly understood. Objectives This study...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Veterinary Medicine and Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/vms3.1403 |
| _version_ | 1797263329470709760 |
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| author | Karel Paukner Zita Filipejova Jan Mareš Miloš Vávra Kristina Rehakova Pavel Proks Vojtech Gabriel Michal Crha |
| author_facet | Karel Paukner Zita Filipejova Jan Mareš Miloš Vávra Kristina Rehakova Pavel Proks Vojtech Gabriel Michal Crha |
| author_sort | Karel Paukner |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Albuminuria, an important marker of decreased kidney function in chronic kidney disease (CKD), is not routinely used for CKD detection or proteinuria appearance. Its relationships with biochemical parameters and blood pressure in dogs are poorly understood. Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the relationship of albuminuria with various CKD markers, its correlation with the urinary protein to creatinine ratio (UPC), and hypertension in dogs with early stages of CKD. It also sought to determine the usability of the urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UAC) for CKD screening. Methods The study reviewed records of 102 dogs, categorising them into four groups based on disease status. UAC and UPC ratio, biochemistry and haematology variables, age, and systolic blood pressure were determined. Results The Pearson's correlation coefficient between log‐transformed values of UPC and UAC was r = 0.902 (95% CI: 0.87 to 0.93). Median UAC ratio values were 2.1 mg/g for the Healthy control group (n = 17), 54.2 mg/g for early stages CKD (n = 42), 5.8 mg/g for Acute sick control (n = 30), and 104 mg/g for Chronic sick control (n = 13). Thresholding UAC ratio as an indicator for impaired kidney function with the threshold of 10 mg/g (established based on the receiver operating characteristic curve) had a sensitivity 81.8%, specificity of 89.4%, positive predictive value (PPV) 90%, and negative predictive value (NPV) 80.1%. The correlation of UAC with biochemistry and haematology variables was statistically significant; for SDMA (μg/L), it was r = 0.566 and for other variables, it was weak to moderate. UAC was markedly elevated in cases of severe hypertension. Conclusions UAC ratio was significantly different among dogs with impaired and not impaired kidney function. The correlation strength for the UAC and UPC ratios was high. UAC ratio may be a promising marker for proteinuria analysis in dogs with CKD or other kidney function alterations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-25T00:11:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-694a015402f9451a9248bedc6759e684 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2053-1095 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-25T00:11:17Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Veterinary Medicine and Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-694a015402f9451a9248bedc6759e6842024-03-13T13:16:35ZengWileyVeterinary Medicine and Science2053-10952024-03-01102n/an/a10.1002/vms3.1403A comprehensive analysis of albuminuria in canine chronic kidney diseaseKarel Paukner0Zita Filipejova1Jan Mareš2Miloš Vávra3Kristina Rehakova4Pavel Proks5Vojtech Gabriel6Michal Crha7Small Animal Clinic University of Veterinary Sciences Brno Brno Czech RepublicSmall Animal Clinic University of Veterinary Sciences Brno Brno Czech RepublicDepartment of Data Science Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine Prague Czech RepublicSmall Animal Clinic University of Veterinary Sciences Brno Brno Czech RepublicSmall Animal Clinical Laboratory University of Veterinary Sciences Brno Brno Czech RepublicSmall Animal Clinic University of Veterinary Sciences Brno Brno Czech RepublicDepartment of Biomedical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University Ames Iowa USASmall Animal Clinic University of Veterinary Sciences Brno Brno Czech RepublicAbstract Background Albuminuria, an important marker of decreased kidney function in chronic kidney disease (CKD), is not routinely used for CKD detection or proteinuria appearance. Its relationships with biochemical parameters and blood pressure in dogs are poorly understood. Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the relationship of albuminuria with various CKD markers, its correlation with the urinary protein to creatinine ratio (UPC), and hypertension in dogs with early stages of CKD. It also sought to determine the usability of the urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UAC) for CKD screening. Methods The study reviewed records of 102 dogs, categorising them into four groups based on disease status. UAC and UPC ratio, biochemistry and haematology variables, age, and systolic blood pressure were determined. Results The Pearson's correlation coefficient between log‐transformed values of UPC and UAC was r = 0.902 (95% CI: 0.87 to 0.93). Median UAC ratio values were 2.1 mg/g for the Healthy control group (n = 17), 54.2 mg/g for early stages CKD (n = 42), 5.8 mg/g for Acute sick control (n = 30), and 104 mg/g for Chronic sick control (n = 13). Thresholding UAC ratio as an indicator for impaired kidney function with the threshold of 10 mg/g (established based on the receiver operating characteristic curve) had a sensitivity 81.8%, specificity of 89.4%, positive predictive value (PPV) 90%, and negative predictive value (NPV) 80.1%. The correlation of UAC with biochemistry and haematology variables was statistically significant; for SDMA (μg/L), it was r = 0.566 and for other variables, it was weak to moderate. UAC was markedly elevated in cases of severe hypertension. Conclusions UAC ratio was significantly different among dogs with impaired and not impaired kidney function. The correlation strength for the UAC and UPC ratios was high. UAC ratio may be a promising marker for proteinuria analysis in dogs with CKD or other kidney function alterations.https://doi.org/10.1002/vms3.1403albuminuriacaninechronic kidney diseasehypertensionproteinuriarenal biomarkers |
| spellingShingle | Karel Paukner Zita Filipejova Jan Mareš Miloš Vávra Kristina Rehakova Pavel Proks Vojtech Gabriel Michal Crha A comprehensive analysis of albuminuria in canine chronic kidney disease Veterinary Medicine and Science albuminuria canine chronic kidney disease hypertension proteinuria renal biomarkers |
| title | A comprehensive analysis of albuminuria in canine chronic kidney disease |
| title_full | A comprehensive analysis of albuminuria in canine chronic kidney disease |
| title_fullStr | A comprehensive analysis of albuminuria in canine chronic kidney disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | A comprehensive analysis of albuminuria in canine chronic kidney disease |
| title_short | A comprehensive analysis of albuminuria in canine chronic kidney disease |
| title_sort | comprehensive analysis of albuminuria in canine chronic kidney disease |
| topic | albuminuria canine chronic kidney disease hypertension proteinuria renal biomarkers |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/vms3.1403 |
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